Citing references

Coffman, 914 N.W.2d 240, 244 (Iowa 2018) (enumerating the emergency aid 1Our cases use both “community caretaker” and “community caretaking.” Compare State v. Coffman, 914 N.W.2d 240, 245 (Iowa 2018) (“community caretaker activity”), with id.

Coffman , 914 N.W.2d 240 (Iowa 2018), we conclude that it was not. Accordingly, we hold that the stop of van violated article I, section 8 of the Iowa Constitution.

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA No. 19-1591 Filed October 21, 2020 STATE OF IOWA, Plaintiff-Appellee, vs.

Coffman, 914 N.W.2d 240, 244 (Iowa 2018) (Iowa case citations omitted).

Coffman, 914 N.W.2d 240, 244 (Iowa 2018)). “Each case must be evaluated in light of its unique circumstances.” Id. (quoting Coffman, 914 N.W.2d at 244 ).

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA No. 24-0154 Filed July 23, 2025 STATE OF IOWA, Plaintiff-Appellee, vs.

Coffman, 914 N.W.2d 240, 244 (Iowa 2018)). De novo review requires that we “review the entire record to independently evaluate the totality of the circumstances.” Id. (citation omitted).

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA No. 18-0483 Filed May 1, 2019 STATE OF IOWA, Plaintiff-Appellee, vs.

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA No. 18-0747 Filed May 1, 2019 STATE OF IOWA, Plaintiff-Appellee, vs.

Coffman, 914 N.W.2d 240, 245 (Iowa 2018); id. at 263 (Appel, J., dissenting).

Coffman, 914 N.W.2d 240 , 257–58 (Iowa 2018), and it had no reason to brief that argument on appeal.

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA No. 20-0371 Filed March 17, 2021 STATE OF IOWA, Plaintiff-Appellee, vs.

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA No. 20-0754 Filed August 4, 2021 STATE OF IOWA, Plaintiff-Appellee, vs.

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA No. 20-0254 Filed October 20, 2021 STATE OF IOWA, Plaintiff-Appellee, vs.

Coffman, 914 N.W.2d 240, 244 (Iowa 2018)). “Each case must be evaluated in light of its unique circumstances.” Id. (quoting Coffman, 914 N.W.2d at 244 ).

Coffman , 914 N.W.2d 240 , 244-45 (Iowa 2018) (discussing the community caretaking doctrine). The implication is that IDOT officers should be able to make vehicle stops for safety purposes.

Coffman, 914 N.W.2d 240, 244 (Iowa 2018), cert. denied, 139 S. Ct. 608 (2018) (internal citations omitted).

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA No. 19-0290 Filed January 23, 2020 STATE OF IOWA, Plaintiff-Appellee, vs.

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA No. 18-2171 Filed January 23, 2020 STATE OF IOWA, Plaintiff-Appellee, vs.

Coffman, 914 N.W.2d 240, 245 (Iowa 2018); id. at 263 (Appel, J., dissenting).

Coffman, 914 N.W.2d 240, 244 (Iowa 2018). We independently evaluate the totality of the circumstances as shown by the record. Id.

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA No. 19-1101 Filed October 21, 2020 STATE OF IOWA, Plaintiff-Appellee, vs.

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA No. 19-1557 Filed November 30, 2020 STATE OF IOWA, Plaintiff-Appellee, vs.