Bankruptcy Appellate Panel of the First Circuit

All decisions from this court →

Most-cited decisions

1. Fleet Data Processing Corp. v. Branch (In re Bank of New England Corp.)Copy cite
   Fleet Data Processing Corp. v. Branch (In re Bank of New England Corp.), 218 B.R. 643 (1st Cir. BAP 1998)cited by 281
2. Boylan v. George E. Bumpus, Jr. Construction Co. (In re George E. Bumpus, Jr. Construction Co.)Copy cite
   Boylan v. Bumpus, 226 B.R. 724 (1st Cir. BAP 1998)cited by 149
3. Rijos v. Banco Bilbao Vizcaya (In re Rijos)Copy cite
   Rijos v. Banco Bilbao Vizcaya (In re Rijos), 263 B.R. 382 (1st Cir. BAP 2001)cited by 122
4. Kibbe v. SumskiCopy cite
   Kibbe v. Sumski, 361 B.R. 302 (1st Cir. BAP 2007)cited by 98
5. Heghmann v. Indorf (In re Heghmann)Copy cite
   Heghmann v. Indorf (In re Heghmann), 316 B.R. 395 (1st Cir. BAP 2004)cited by 83
6. Domestic Bank v. Mann (In re Mann)Copy cite
   Domestic Bank v. Mann (In re Mann), 249 B.R. 831 (1st Cir. BAP 2000)cited by 79
7. In re Casco Bay Lines, Inc.Copy cite
   In re Casco Bay Lines, Inc., 25 B.R. 747 (1st Cir. BAP 1982)cited by 79
8. In re CoughlinCopy cite
   In re Coughlin, 27 B.R. 632 (1st Cir. BAP 1983)cited by 73
9. Bentley v. Boyajian (In re Bentley)Copy cite
   Bentley v. Boyajian (In re Bentley), 266 B.R. 229 (1st Cir. BAP 2001)cited by 65
10. Vicenty ex rel. Torres v. San Miguel Sandoval (San Miguel Sandoval)Copy cite
    Vicenty ex rel. Torres v. San Miguel Sandoval (San Miguel Sandoval), 327 B.R. 493 (1st Cir. BAP 2005)cited by 62
11. Cabral v. Shamban (In re Cabral)Copy cite
    Cabral v. Shamban (In re Cabral), 285 B.R. 563 (1st Cir. BAP 2002)cited by 61
12. Aoki v. Atto Corp. (In re Aoki)Copy cite
    Aoki v. Atto Corp. (In re Aoki), 323 B.R. 803 (1st Cir. BAP 2005)cited by 59
13. Slabicki v. GleasonCopy cite
    Slabicki v. Gleason, 466 B.R. 572 (1st Cir. BAP 2012)cited by 56
14. In re Advent Corp.Copy cite
    In re Advent Corp., 24 B.R. 612 (1st Cir. BAP 1982)cited by 55
15. Schwartz v. Schwartz (Schwartz)Copy cite
    Schwartz v. Schwartz (Schwartz), 409 B.R. 240 (1st Cir. BAP 2008)cited by 55
16. Work/Family Directions, Inc. v. Children's Discovery Centers, Inc. (In re Santa Clara County Child Care Consortium)Copy cite
    Work/Family Directions, Inc. v. Children's Discovery Centers, Inc. (In re Santa Clara Cnty. Child Care Consortium), 223 B.R. 40 (1st Cir. BAP 1998)cited by 54
17. Duby v. United States (In re Duby)Copy cite
    Duby v. United States (In re Duby), 451 B.R. 664 (1st Cir. BAP 2011)cited by 51
18. Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria Puerto Rico v. VázquezCopy cite
    Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria Puerto Rico v. Vázquez, 471 B.R. 752 (1st Cir. BAP 2012)cited by 51
19. Correia v. Deutsche Bank National Trust Co. ex rel. Pooling & Servicing Agreement Series ITF INABS-2005-A (In re Correia)Copy cite
    Correia v. Deutsche Bank Nat'l Trust Co. ex rel. Pooling & Servicing Agreement Series ITF INABS-2005-A (In re Correia), 452 B.R. 319 (1st Cir. BAP 2011)cited by 48
20. Bruin Portfolio, LLC v. Leicht (In re Leicht)Copy cite
    Bruin Portfolio, LLC v. Leicht (In re Leicht), 222 B.R. 670 (1st Cir. BAP 1998)cited by 47
21. Factors Funding Co. v. Fili (In re Fili)Copy cite
    Factors Funding Co. v. Fili (In re Fili), 257 B.R. 370 (1st Cir. BAP 2001)cited by 46
22. Maine National Bank v. Morse (In re Morse)Copy cite
    Me. Nat'l Bank v. Morse (In re Morse), 30 B.R. 52 (1st Cir. BAP 1983)cited by 46
23. Sullivan v. Solimini (In re Sullivan)Copy cite
    Sullivan v. Solimini (In re Sullivan), 326 B.R. 204 (1st Cir. BAP 2005)cited by 45
24. Gonzalez-Ruiz v. Doral Financial Corp.Copy cite
    Gonzalez-Ruiz v. Doral Fin. Corp., 341 B.R. 371 (1st Cir. BAP 2006)cited by 45
25. Keach v. Boyajian (In re Keach)Copy cite
    Keach v. Boyajian (In re Keach), 243 B.R. 851 (1st Cir. BAP 2000)cited by 45
26. Rhode Island Depositors Economic Protection Corp. v. Hayes (In re Hayes)Copy cite
    R.I. Depositors Econ. Prot. Corp. v. Hayes (In re Hayes), 229 B.R. 253 (1st Cir. BAP 1999)cited by 45
27. First National Bank v. Fantasia (In re Fantasia)Copy cite
    First Nat'l Bank v. Fantasia (In re Fantasia), 211 B.R. 420 (1st Cir. BAP 1997)cited by 42
28. Fahey v. FaheyCopy cite
    Fahey v. Fahey, 482 B.R. 678 (1st Cir. BAP 2012)cited by 42
29. Eresian v. Koza (Koza)Copy cite
    Eresian v. Koza (Koza), 375 B.R. 711 (1st Cir. BAP 2007)cited by 41
30. Backlund v. Stanley-Snow (In re Stanley-Snow)Copy cite
    Backlund v. Stanley-Snow (In re Stanley-Snow), 405 B.R. 11 (1st Cir. BAP 2009)cited by 40
31. Best v. Nationstar Mortgage LLC (Best)Copy cite
    Best v. Nationstar Mortg. LLC (Best), 540 B.R. 1 (1st Cir. BAP 2015)cited by 40
32. Bronsdon v. Educational Credit Management Corp. (In re Bronsdon)Copy cite
    Bronsdon v. Educ. Credit Mgmt. Corp. (In re Bronsdon), 435 B.R. 791 (1st Cir. BAP 2010)cited by 39
33. Educational Credit Management Corp. v. Savage (In re Savage)Copy cite
    Educ. Credit Mgmt. Corp. v. Savage (In re Savage), 311 B.R. 835 (1st Cir. BAP 2004)cited by 39
34. De Jounghe v. Mender (In re De Jounghe)Copy cite
    De Jounghe v. Mender (In re De Jounghe), 334 B.R. 760 (1st Cir. BAP 2005)cited by 39
35. Jones v. Svreck (In re Jones)Copy cite
    Jones v. Svreck (In re Jones), 300 B.R. 133 (1st Cir. BAP 2003)cited by 38
36. Maloni v. Fairway Wholesale Corp. (In re Maloni)Copy cite
    Maloni v. Fairway Wholesale Corp. (In re Maloni), 282 B.R. 727 (1st Cir. BAP 2002)cited by 37
37. In re OcasioCopy cite
    In re Ocasio, 272 B.R. 815 (1st Cir. BAP 2002)cited by 36
38. Whispering Pines Estates, Inc. v. Flash Island, Inc. (Whispering Pines Estates, Inc.)Copy cite
    Whispering Pines Estates, Inc. v. Flash Island, Inc. (Whispering Pines Estates, Inc.), 369 B.R. 752 (1st Cir. BAP 2007)cited by 36
39. In re JumppCopy cite
    In re Jumpp, 356 B.R. 789 (1st Cir. BAP 2006)cited by 36
40. Lumb v. Cimenian (Lumb)Copy cite
    Lumb v. Cimenian (Lumb), 401 B.R. 1 (1st Cir. BAP 2009)cited by 35
41. Gray v. Travelers Insurance (In re Neponset River Paper Co.)Copy cite
    Gray v. Travelers Ins. (In re Neponset River Paper Co.), 231 B.R. 829 (1st Cir. BAP 1999)cited by 35
42. In re PlourdeCopy cite
    In re Plourde, 418 B.R. 495 (1st Cir. BAP 2009)cited by 35
43. White v. Burdick (In re CK Liquidation Corp.)Copy cite
    White v. Burdick (In re CK Liquidation Corp.), 11 A.L.R. Fed. 2d 901 (1st Cir. BAP 2005)cited by 34
44. Torres Martinez v. Arce (Torres Martinez)Copy cite
    Torres Martinez v. Arce (Torres Martinez), 397 B.R. 158 (1st Cir. BAP 2008)cited by 33
45. Watson v. Boyajian (Watson)Copy cite
    Watson v. Boyajian (Watson), 309 B.R. 652 (1st Cir. BAP 2004)cited by 32
46. Jeffrey P. White & Associates, P.C. v. Fessenden (Wheaton)Copy cite
    Jeffrey P. White & Associates, P.C. v. Fessenden (Wheaton), 547 B.R. 490 (1st Cir. BAP 2016)cited by 32
47. Efron v. Candelario (In re Efron)Copy cite
    Efron v. Candelario (In re Efron), 529 B.R. 396 (1st Cir. BAP 2015)cited by 32
48. Santos v. Mender (In re Santos)Copy cite
    Santos v. Mender (In re Santos), 349 B.R. 762 (1st Cir. BAP 2006)cited by 31
49. Lussier v. Sullivan (In re Sullivan)Copy cite
    Lussier v. Sullivan (In re Sullivan), 455 B.R. 829 (1st Cir. BAP 2011)cited by 31
50. Kuntz v. Shambam (In re Kuntz)Copy cite
    Kuntz v. Shambam (In re Kuntz), 233 B.R. 580 (1st Cir. BAP 1999)cited by 31
51. Lafayette v. Collins (In re Withrow)Copy cite
    Lafayette v. Collins (In re Withrow), 405 B.R. 505 (1st Cir. BAP 2009)cited by 31
52. Massey v. Pappalardo (Massey)Copy cite
    Massey v. Pappalardo (Massey), 465 B.R. 720 (1st Cir. BAP 2012)cited by 31
53. Christo v. Yellin (In re Christo)Copy cite
    Christo v. Yellin (In re Christo), 228 B.R. 48 (1st Cir. BAP 1999)cited by 30
54. Douglas v. Kosinski (Kosinski)Copy cite
    Douglas v. Kosinski (Kosinski), 424 B.R. 599 (1st Cir. BAP 2010)cited by 30
55. Smith v. Grondin (In re Grondin)Copy cite
    Smith v. Grondin (In re Grondin), 232 B.R. 274 (1st Cir. BAP 1999)cited by 30
56. Massachusetts v. Pappalardo (In re Steenstra)Copy cite
    Massachusetts v. Pappalardo (In re Steenstra), 307 B.R. 732 (1st Cir. BAP 2004)cited by 30
57. Robin Singh Educational Services, Inc. v. McCarthy (McCarthy)Copy cite
    Robin Singh Educ. Servs., Inc. v. McCarthy (McCarthy), 488 B.R. 814 (1st Cir. BAP 2013)cited by 30
58. Andover Covered Bridge, LLC v. Harrington (Andover Covered Bridge, LLC)Copy cite
    Andover Covered Bridge, LLC v. Harrington (Andover Covered Bridge, LLC), 553 B.R. 162 (1st Cir. BAP 2016)cited by 30
59. Premier Capital, Inc. v. DeCarolis (In re DeCarolis)Copy cite
    Premier Capital, Inc. v. DeCarolis (In re DeCarolis), 259 B.R. 467 (1st Cir. BAP 2001)cited by 29
60. Balzotti v. RAD Investments, LLC (In re Shepherds Hill Development Co.)Copy cite
    Balzotti v. RAD Invs., LLC (In re Shepherds Hill Dev. Co.), 316 B.R. 406 (1st Cir. BAP 2004)cited by 29
61. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co. v. Markarian (In re Marrarian)Copy cite
    Aetna Cas. & Sur. Co. v. Markarian (In re Marrarian), 228 B.R. 34 (1st Cir. BAP 1998)cited by 29
62. Perry v. Warner (In re Warner)Copy cite
    Perry v. Warner (In re Warner), 247 B.R. 24 (1st Cir. BAP 2000)cited by 29
63. Aboody v. United States (In re Aboody)Copy cite
    Aboody v. United States (In re Aboody), 223 B.R. 36 (1st Cir. BAP 1998)cited by 29
64. Garb v. Marshall (In re Narragansett Clothing Co.)Copy cite
    Garb v. Marshall (In re Narragansett Clothing Co.), 210 B.R. 493 (1st Cir. BAP 1997)cited by 28
65. Richardson v. United States (In re Anton Noll, Inc.)Copy cite
    Richardson v. United States (In re Anton Noll, Inc.), 277 B.R. 875 (1st Cir. BAP 2002)cited by 28
66. Wood v. Premier Capital, Inc. (In re Wood)Copy cite
    Wood v. Premier Capital, Inc. (In re Wood), 291 B.R. 219 (1st Cir. BAP 2003)cited by 28
67. Cambio v. Mattera (Cambio)Copy cite
    Cambio v. Mattera (Cambio), 353 B.R. 30 (1st Cir. BAP 2004)cited by 27
68. McNeilly v. Geremia (In re McNeilly)Copy cite
    McNeilly v. Geremia (In re McNeilly), 249 B.R. 576 (1st Cir. BAP 2000)cited by 27
69. Coffin v. eCast Settlement Corp. (In re Coffin)Copy cite
    Coffin v. eCast Settlement Corp. (In re Coffin), 435 B.R. 780 (1st Cir. BAP 2010)cited by 27
70. Norway National Bank v. Goodwin's Discount Furniture, Inc. (In re Goodwin's Discount Furniture, Inc.)Copy cite
    Norway Nat'l Bank v. Goodwin's Disc. Furniture, Inc. (In re Goodwin's Disc. Furniture, Inc.), 16 B.R. 885 (1st Cir. BAP 1982)cited by 27
71. Tracey v. United States (Tracey)Copy cite
    Tracey v. United States (Tracey), 394 B.R. 635 (1st Cir. BAP 2008)cited by 27
72. In re Colón MartinezCopy cite
    In re Colón Martinez, 472 B.R. 137 (1st Cir. BAP 2012)cited by 27
73. Crocker v. CrockerCopy cite
    Crocker v. Crocker, 362 B.R. 49 (1st Cir. BAP 2007)cited by 26
74. Malden Mills Industries, Inc. v. Maroun (In re Malden Mills Industries, Inc.)Copy cite
    Malden Mills Indus. v. Maroun (In re Malden Mills Indus., Inc.), 303 B.R. 688 (1st Cir. BAP 2004)cited by 26
75. Snyder v. Rockland Trust Co. (In re Snyder)Copy cite
    Snyder v. Rockland Trust Co. (In re Snyder), 249 B.R. 40 (1st Cir. BAP 2000)cited by 26
76. Flynn v. Bankowski (Flynn)Copy cite
    Flynn v. Bankowski (Flynn), 402 B.R. 437 (1st Cir. BAP 2009)cited by 26
77. Nieves Guzmán v. Rentas (In re Nieves Guzmán)Copy cite
    Nieves Guzmán v. Rentas (In re Nieves Guzmán), 567 B.R. 854 (1st Cir. BAP 2017)cited by 26
78. Gem Ravioli, Inc. v. Creta (In re Creta)Copy cite
    Gem Ravioli, Inc. v. Creta (In re Creta), 271 B.R. 214 (1st Cir. BAP 2002)cited by 25
79. Rosado v. Banco Popular De Puerto RicoCopy cite
    Rosado v. Banco Popular De Puerto Rico, 561 B.R. 598 (1st Cir. BAP 2017)cited by 25
80. In re BradleyCopy cite
    In re Bradley, 466 B.R. 582 (1st Cir. BAP 2012)cited by 25
81. TD Bank, N.A. v. LaPointeCopy cite
    TD Bank, N.A. v. LaPointe, 505 B.R. 589 (1st Cir. BAP 2014)cited by 25
82. Siaca v. DCC Operating, Inc. (In re Olympic Mills Corp.)Copy cite
    Siaca v. DCC Operating, Inc. (In re Olympic Mills Corp.), 333 B.R. 540 (1st Cir. BAP 2005)cited by 24
83. Lopez v. Consejo De Titulares Del Condominio Carolina Court Apartments (In re Lopez)Copy cite
    Lopez v. Consejo De Titulares Del Condominio Carolina Court Apartments (In re Lopez), 405 B.R. 24 (1st Cir. BAP 2009)cited by 24
84. Massachusetts Department of Unemployment Assistance v. OPK Biotech, LLC (In re PBBPC, Inc.)Copy cite
    Mass. Dep't of Unemployment Assistance v. OPK Biotech, LLC (In re PBBPC, Inc.), 484 B.R. 860 (1st Cir. BAP 2013)cited by 24
85. Neal Mitchell Associates v. Braunstein (In re Lambeth Corp.)Copy cite
    Associates v. Braunstein (In re Lambeth Corp.), 227 B.R. 1 (1st Cir. BAP 1998)cited by 23
86. Aja v. Emigrant Funding Corp. (In re Aja)Copy cite
    Aja v. Emigrant Funding Corp. (In re Aja), 442 B.R. 857 (1st Cir. BAP 2011)cited by 23
87. In re the Ground Round, Inc.Copy cite
    In re the Ground Round, Inc., 335 B.R. 253 (1st Cir. BAP 2005)cited by 23
88. In re Casco Bay Lines, Inc.Copy cite
    In re Casco Bay Lines, Inc., 17 B.R. 946 (1st Cir. BAP 1982)cited by 22
89. Lomagno v. Salomon Bros. Realty Corp. (Lomagno)Copy cite
    Lomagno v. Salomon Bros. Realty Corp. (Lomagno), 320 B.R. 473 (1st Cir. BAP 2005)cited by 22
90. United States v. Sterling Consulting Corp. (In re Indian Motocycle Co.)Copy cite
    United States v. Sterling Consulting Corp. (In re Indian Motocycle Co.), 289 B.R. 269 (1st Cir. BAP 2003)cited by 22
91. In re Moorhead Corp.Copy cite
    In re Moorhead Corp., 208 B.R. 87 (1st Cir. BAP 1997)cited by 21
92. Shamban v. PerryCopy cite
    Shamban v. Perry, 357 B.R. 175 (1st Cir. BAP 2006)cited by 21
93. Cowell v. Hale (In re Hale)Copy cite
    Cowell v. Hale (In re Hale), 289 B.R. 788 (1st Cir. BAP 2003)cited by 21
94. In re BrienCopy cite
    In re Brien, 208 B.R. 255 (1st Cir. BAP 1997)cited by 21
95. Snyder v. Rockland Trust Co. (In re Snyder)Copy cite
    Snyder v. Rockland Trust Co. (In re Snyder), 279 B.R. 1 (1st Cir. BAP 2002)cited by 21
96. Malone v. Payeur (In re Payeur)Copy cite
    Malone v. Payeur (In re Payeur), 22 B.R. 516 (1st Cir. BAP 1982)cited by 20
97. Smith v. Marshall (In re Hot Tin Roof, Inc.)Copy cite
    Smith v. Marshall (In re Hot Tin Roof, Inc.), 205 B.R. 1000 (1st Cir. BAP 1997)cited by 20
98. Morse v. Rudler (In re Rudler)Copy cite
    Morse v. Rudler (In re Rudler), 388 B.R. 433 (1st Cir. BAP 2008)cited by 20
99. Caterpillar Financial Services Corp. v. Braunstein (In re Henriquez)Copy cite
    Caterpillar Fin. Servs. Corp. v. Braunstein (In re Henriquez), 261 B.R. 67 (1st Cir. BAP 2001)cited by 20
100. Massachusetts ex rel. Department of Public Welfare v. Dartmouth House Nursing Home, Inc. (In re Dartmouth House Nursing Home, Inc.)Copy cite
     Mass. ex rel. Dep't of Pub. Welfare v. Dartmouth House Nursing Home, Inc. (In re Dartmouth House Nursing Home, Inc.), 30 B.R. 56 (1st Cir. BAP 1983)cited by 18

Recent decisions

1. Ray Diaz Santiago v. Jose Carrion, Chapter 13 TrusteeCopy cite
   Santiago v. Carrion, No. BAP No. PR 24-019 (1st Cir. BAP Sept. 3, 2025)
2. Roberto Rios Vargas v. Planet Home Lending, LLCCopy cite
   Vargas v. Planet Home Lending, LLC, No. BAP No. PR 24-022 (1st Cir. BAP Aug. 28, 2025)
3. Ana Toledo Davila v. Luna Residential II, LLCCopy cite
   Davila v. Luna Residential II, LLC, No. BAP No. PR 24-005 (1st Cir. BAP Aug. 19, 2025)
4. Charles Muszynski v. Roberto Roman ValentinCopy cite
   Muszynski v. Valentin, No. BAP No. PR 24-011 (1st Cir. BAP Mar. 7, 2025)
5. Las Martas, Inc. v. Condado 5, LLCCopy cite
   Las Martas, Inc. v. Condado 5, LLC, No. BAP No. PR 23-026 (1st Cir. BAP Mar. 5, 2025)
6. Steven Carrigan, Sr. v.Copy cite
   Steven Carrigan, Sr. v., No. BAP No. MB 24-012 (1st Cir. BAP Feb. 18, 2025)
7. Kassiani Pitassi v. Deutsche Bank National Trust CompanyCopy cite
   Kassiani Pitassi v. Deutsche Bank Nat'l Trust Co., No. BAP No. EP 24-003 (1st Cir. BAP Feb. 6, 2025)
8. PCC Rokita S.A. v. HH Technology Corp.Copy cite
   PCC Rokita S.A. v. HH Tech. Corp., No. BAP No. MB 23-012 (1st Cir. BAP June 17, 2024)
9. Serge Karamoussayan v. Massachusetts Department of RevenueCopy cite
   Serge Karamoussayan v. Mass. Dep't of Revenue, No. BAP No. MB 22-041 (1st Cir. BAP Apr. 11, 2024)
10. Julio A. Simoes v. Nicholas Sivieri, IIICopy cite
    Simoes v. Sivieri, No. BAP No. MB 22-036 (1st Cir. BAP Mar. 5, 2024)
11. Scott Blumsack v. William K. Harrington, U.S. TrusteeCopy cite
    Blumsack v. Harrington, No. BAP No. MW 23-003 (1st Cir. BAP Mar. 5, 2024)
12. Serge Karamoussayan v. Massachusetts Department of RevenueCopy cite
    Serge Karamoussayan v. Mass. Dep't of Revenue, No. BAP No. MB 23-007 (1st Cir. BAP Feb. 12, 2024)
13. Bonni Berkowitz v. Invaleon Technologies CorporationCopy cite
    Bonni Berkowitz v. Invaleon Techs. Corp., No. BAP No. MB 22-016 (1st Cir. BAP May 9, 2023)
14. Asociacion de Empleados del Estado Libre Asociado v. Angel Ruben Mojica NievesCopy cite
    Asociacion de Empleados del Estado Libre Asociado v. Angel Ruben Mojica Nieves, No. BAP No. PR 21-029 (1st Cir. BAP Feb. 2, 2023)
15. Veena Sharma v. Denise Pappalardo, Chapter 13 TrusteeCopy cite
    Veena Sharma v. Pappalardo, No. BAP No. MW 22-006 (1st Cir. BAP Jan. 25, 2023)
16. Tamara Parvizi v. United StatesCopy cite
    Parvizi v. United States, No. BAP No. MS 21-021 (1st Cir. BAP July 29, 2022)
17. Richard Shove v. Jose HernandezCopy cite
    Shove v. Hernandez, No. BAP No. MS 21-019 (1st Cir. BAP Apr. 29, 2022)
18. Vaqueria Las Martas, Inc. v. Condado 5, LLCCopy cite
    Vaqueria Las Martas, Inc. v. Condado 5, LLC, No. BAP No. PR 21-017 (1st Cir. BAP Apr. 21, 2022)
19. Inversiones Caribe Delta, Inc. v. Condado 2, LLCCopy cite
    Inversiones Caribe Delta, Inc. v. Condado 2, LLC, No. BAP No. PR 21-013 (1st Cir. BAP Jan. 5, 2022)
20. Preserba Compania de Desarrollos, Inc. v. Condado 2, LLCCopy cite
    Preserba Compania de Desarrollos, Inc. v. Condado 2, LLC, No. BAP No. PR 21-012 (1st Cir. BAP Jan. 5, 2022)