Herman v. Arkansas
James H. Herman, Andrew R. Chaja, and Donald Lowe v. State of Arkansas
Opinion of the Court
Sup. Ct. Ark. Certiorari denied.
Dissent
Mr. Justice Brennan, joined by Mr. Justice Stewart and Mr. Justice Marshall,
dissenting.
Petitioners were convicted in the Pulaski County, Arkansas, Circuit Court of exhibiting an allegedly obscene film in violation of Ark. Stat. Ann. § 41-2729 *954 (Supp. 1973), which provides in pertinent part as follows:
“Hereafter, it shall be unlawful for any person knowingly to exhibit... any obscene film.”
“Obscene” is defined in §41-2730 (2), which provides:
“ ‘Obscene’ means that to the average person, applying contemporary community standards, the dominant theme of the material taken as a whole appeals to prurient interest.”
The Supreme Court of Arkansas affirmed. 512 S. W. 2d 923 (1974).
It is my view that “at least in the absence of distribution to juveniles or obtrusive exposure to unconsenting adults, the First and Fourteenth Amendments prohibit the State and Federal Governments from attempting wholly to suppress sexually oriented materials on the basis of their allegedly ‘obscene’ contents.” Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton, 413 U. S. 49, 113 (1973) (Brennan, J., dissenting). It is clear that, tested by that constitutional standard, § 41-2729, as it incorporates the definition of “obscene” in §41-2730 (2), is unconstitutionally over-broad and therefore invalid on its face. For the reasons stated in my dissent in Miller v. California, 413 U. S. 15, 47 (1973), I would therefore grant certiorari, and, since the judgment of the Supreme Court of Arkansas was rendered after Miller , reverse. In that circumstance, I have no occasion to consider whether the other questions presented merit plenary review. See Heller v. New York, 413 U. S. 483, 494 (1973) (Brennan, J., dissenting).
Finally, it does not appear from the petition and response that the obscenity of the disputed materials was adjudged by applying local community standards. Based on my dissent in Hamling v. United States, 418 U. S. 87, 141 (1974), I believe that, consistent with the Due Process *955 Clause, petitioners must be given an opportunity to have their case decided on, and to introduce evidence relevant to, the legal standard upon which their convictions have ultimately come to depend. Thus, even on its own terms, the Court should vacate the judgment below and remand for a determination whether petitioners should be afforded new trials under local community standards.
Combined text as published — syllabus, headnotes and all opinions in one document
420 U.S. 953 95 S.Ct. 1337 43 L.Ed.2d 431
James H. HERMAN, Andrew R. Chaja, and Donald Lowe v. State of ARKANSAS.
No. 74-717.
Supreme Court of the United States
February 24, 1975
On petition for writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court of Arkansas.
The petition for a writ of certiorari is denied.
Mr. Justice BRENNAN, joined by Mr. Justice STEWART and Mr. Justice MARSHALL, dissenting.
1
Petitioners were convicted in the Pulaski County, Arkansas Circuit Court of exhibiting an allegeldy obscene film in violation of Ark.Stat.Ann. § 41-2729 (Supp.1973), which provides in pertinent part as follows:
2
'Hereafter, it shall be unlawful for any person knowingly to exhibit . . . any obscene film.' 3
'Obscene' is defined in § 41-2730(2), which provides:
4
"Obscene' means that to the average person, applying contemporary community standards, the dominant theme of the material taken as a whole appeals to prurient interest.' 5
The Supreme Court of Arkansas affirmed. Herman v. State, 512 S.W.2d 923 (1974).
6
It is my view that 'at least in the absence of distribution to juveniles or obtrusive exposure to unconsenting adults, the First and Fourteenth Amendments prohibit the State and Federal Governments from attempting wholly to suppress sexually oriented materials on the basis of their allegedly 'obscene' contents.' Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton, 413 U.S. 49, 113 , 93 S.Ct. 2628 , 37 L.Ed.2d 446 (1973) (Brennan, J., dissenting). It is clear that, tested by that constitutional standard, § 41-2729, as it incorporates the definition of 'obscene' in § 41-2730(2), is unconstitutionally over-broad and therefore invalid on its face. For the reasons stated in my dissent in Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15, 47 , 93 S.Ct. 2607 , 37 L.Ed.2d 419 (1973), I would therefore grant certiorari, and, since the judgment of the Supreme Court of Arkansas was rendered after Miller , reverse. In that circumstance, I have no occasion to consider whether the other questions presented merit plenary review. See Heller v. New York, 413 U.S. 483, 495 , 93 S.Ct. 2789 , 37 L.Ed.2d 745 (1973) (Brennan, J., dissenting).
7
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS took no part in the consideration of decision of this case.
8
Finally, it does not appear from the petition and response that the obscenity of the disputed materials was adjudged by applying local community standards. Based on my dissent in Hamling v. United States, 418 U. S. 87, 141 , 94 S.Ct. 2887 , 41 L.Ed.2d 590 (1974), I believe that, consistent with the Due Process Clause, petitioners must be given an opportunity to have their case decided on, and introduce evidence relevant to, the legal standard upon which their convictions have ultimately come to depend. Thus, even on its own terms, the Court should vacate the judgment below and remand for a determination whether petitioner should be afforded a new trial under local community standards.
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(sole shareholder of professional corporation unable to assert his Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination on behalf of corporation)
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