United States v. Jose Parks
UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Jose PARKS, Appellant
Opinion
[UNPUBLISHED]
PER CURIAM.
The district court 1
concluded Jose Parks (Parks) was a career offender under United States Sentencing Guideline § 4B1.1 based on Parks’s prior felony convictions for escape and possession of a controlled substance with the intent to deliver. Parks appeals, arguing the district court erred in (1) applying the preponderance of the evidence standard, rather than the beyond a reasonable doubt standard, to determine whether Parks’s prior convictions qualify as crimes of violence or controlled substance offenses, and (2) concluding Parks’s escape conviction qualifies as a crime of violence. We disagree. “Determining whether a prior conviction is a ‘crime of violence’ for § 4B1.2 purposes is a question of law, not a question of fact found by the judge.”
United States v. Bockes, 447 F.3d 1090 , 1093 n. 4 (8th Cir. 2006). A district court need not apply the beyond a reasonable doubt standard to determine whether a prior conviction qualifies as a crime of violence or a controlled substance offense.
See United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220, 244 , 125 S.Ct. 738 , 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005) (“Any fact (other than a prior conviction) which is necessary to support a sentence exceeding the maximum authorized by the facts established by a plea of guilty or a jury verdict must be admitted by the defendant or proved to a jury beyond a reasonable doubt.”) (emphasis added). Parks’s escape conviction qualifies as a crime of violence.
See United States v. Nation, 243 F.3d 467, 472 (8th Cir.2001) (holding “escape is categorically a crime of violence”).
We affirm.
See 8th Cir. R. 47B.
1
. The Honorable E. Richard Webber, United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Missouri.
How later courts describe this case
Explanatory parentheticals written by citing courts — 2 in all; the most informative distinct ones are shown.
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(“A district court need not apply the beyond a reasonable doubt standard to determine whether a prior conviction qualifies as a crime of violence or a controlled substance offense.”)
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