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United States v. Jack M. Dixon, John Thur Bylund and Howard C. Arnold

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Jack M. DIXON, John Thur Bylund and Howard C. Arnold, Defendants-Appellants

United States v. Dixon, 525 F.2d 1201 (5th Cir. 1976)
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Court
Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · U.S. Courts of Appeals
Decided
January 16, 1976
Docket
No. 73--3910
Judges
Tuttle, Roney, Gee
Citations
525 F.2d 12011976 U.S. App. LEXIS 13321

Opinion — Per Curiam

PER CURIAM:

As with United States v. Hart, 525 F.2d 1199 (5th Cir. 1976) this case was remanded to us by the United States Supreme Court for consideration in light of United States v. Brignoni-Ponce, 422 U.S. 873 , 95 S.Ct. 2574 , 45 L.Ed.2d 607 (1975), and United States v. Ortiz, 422 U.S. 891 , 95 S.Ct. 2585 , 45 L.Ed.2d 623 (1975). On the basis of our decision today in Hart , we again hold this search to be constitutional and affirm the convictions of the three defendants.

Moreover, the facts of this case provide an alternative basis for affirming the convictions. Here, after stopping the vehicle in which the defendants were traveling for the purpose of determining the occupant’s citizenship, a border patrol agent looked through the vehicle’s window with his flashlight and noticed what appeared to be marijuana seeds. At this point, one of the three men asked the agent if he would let them go if they gave him the marijuana they had for their personal use. A subsequent search of the vehicle produced approximately 60 pounds of marijuana.

In United States v. Santibanez, 517 F.2d 922 (5th Cir. 1975), this Court held that a vehicle could be stopped at a permanent checkpoint for the purpose of determining the occupant’s citizenship.

Accord, United States v. Coffey, 520 F.2d 1103 (5th Cir. 1975). This is the procedure utilized in this case. Once the vehicle was stopped, the plain view of the marijuana seeds in the car gave the border patrol officer probable cause to then conduct the search. The fact that *1202 the agent used a flashlight to bring the marijuana into view, does not preclude such observation from application of the “plain view doctrine.”

United States v. Lara, 517 F.2d 209 (5th Cir. 1975).

Affirmed.

How later courts describe this case

Explanatory parentheticals written by citing courts — 1 in all; the most informative distinct ones are shown.

1976: 21977: 22021: 12025: 119762026peak 1976 · 2

Relies on it most ⓘ

  1. United States v. Valentine Kalie538 F.2d 1201 (5th Cir. 1976)
  2. United States v. Joe Jarrell Faulkner547 F.2d 870 (5th Cir. 1977)
  3. United States v. Ronald David Kidd540 F.2d 210 (5th Cir. 1976)
  4. United States v. David Reyna548 F.2d 1154 (5th Cir. 1977)
  5. United States v. MillerNo. 19-11332 (5th Cir. Jan. 4, 2021)
  6. United States v. ShikeNo. 24-40471 (5th Cir. Oct. 7, 2025)

Most recent

  1. United States v. ShikeNo. 24-40471 (5th Cir. Oct. 7, 2025)
  2. United States v. MillerNo. 19-11332 (5th Cir. Jan. 4, 2021)
  3. United States v. David Reyna548 F.2d 1154 (5th Cir. 1977)
  4. United States v. Joe Jarrell Faulkner547 F.2d 870 (5th Cir. 1977)
  5. United States v. Ronald David Kidd540 F.2d 210 (5th Cir. 1976)
  6. United States v. Valentine Kalie538 F.2d 1201 (5th Cir. 1976)

Citing references are not a citator: they show that a later opinion cites this case, not whether it followed, distinguished, or overruled it. Check negative history before relying on this case.

Authorities cited 6

DepthCaseCited by
United States v. Brignoni-Ponce, 422 U.S. 873 (1975) 3,001
United States v. Ortiz, 422 U.S. 891 (1975) 446
United States v. Hart, 525 F.2d 1199 (5th Cir. 1976) 22
United States v. Lara, 517 F.2d 209 (5th Cir. 1975) 25
United States v. Santibanez, 517 F.2d 922 (5th Cir. 1975) 21
United States v. Coffey, 520 F.2d 1103 (5th Cir. 1975) 15

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