United States v. John Wayne Bingham, AKA Robert Bingham
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. John Wayne BINGHAM, AKA Robert Bingham, Defendant-Appellant
Opinion
PER CURIAM:
Bingham appeals his conviction for unarmed bank robbery under 18 U.S.C. § 2113 (a), contending that there was insufficient evidence from which the jury could find “intimidation.” We affirm the judgment of conviction.
Taking by intimidation is the willful taking in such a way as would place an ordinary person in fear of bodily harm.
*549 United States v. Alsop, 479 F.2d 65, 66 (9th Cir. 1973). Here, the bank teller’s subjective fears were reasonable. It is undisputed that Bingham told the teller that she had “three seconds” to give him the money in the top drawer, and then repeated this demand while she was taking the money out of the drawer. From this, the jury properly concluded that a reasonable person could interpret these statements as implicit threats of harm if the person did not promptly meet Bingham’s unequivocal demand. The fact that in other cases there was more overt evidence of intimidation— such as express threats of bodily harm, threatening body motions, or the physical possibility of concealed weapon — is unavailing to Bingham, because those factors have never been held to be requirements for a § 2113(a) conviction.
AFFIRMED.
How later courts describe this case
Explanatory parentheticals written by citing courts — 5 in all; the most informative distinct ones are shown.
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(holding that bank robbery by intimidation can be committed without “ex- press threats of bodily harm, threatening body motions, or the physical possibility of concealed weapon[s]”)
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(affirming bank robbery conviction where evidence demonstrated that defendant told teller that "she had 'three seconds' to give him the money in the top drawer, and then repeated this demand")
Cited by 21 cases
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