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Wilkins v. State

George Wilkins v. the State

Wilkins v. State, 26 S.W. 409 (Tex. Crim. App. 1894)
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Court
Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas · State Highest Courts
Decided
May 5, 1894
Docket
No. 279.
Judges
Davidson
Citations
26 S.W. 40933 Tex. Crim. 3201894 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 103
Cited by 7
Headnotes
1. Defendant as Witness — Failure to Testify — Allusion to, in Argument by Counsel — Construction of Statutes. — Tbe Act of tbe Twenty-first Legislature, page 37, giving a defendant the right to testify in his own behalf, absolutely prohibits any allusion on the part of counsel to his failure to so testify, and the inhibition is so far mandatory that its violation by counsel will constitute reversible error, even though the court may have sought, by admonition and instruction, to get the jury to disregard such allusions by counsel. Hunt v. The State, 28 Texas Crim. App., 149, reaffirmed. 2. Information — Presentment of, by “Deputy County Attorney.” — Where the law (Acts Twenty-second ’Legislature, page 91) authorizes the appointment of “assistant county attorneys,” Held, that an information signed officially by a “deputy county attorney” sufficiently designates the officer as “assistant” county attorney.
Summary
Appeal from tbe County Court of Brown. Tried below before Hon. Charles RogaN, County Judge. This appeal is from a judgment of conviction under an information for unlawfully and knowingly selling liquor to one Walt Burns, a minor under tbe age of 21 years. Tbe punishment assessed was a fine of $75. Tbe information was officially signed thus: ‘ ‘ Tbomas Maples, county attorney, by H. H. Moore, deputy county attorney, Brown County, Texas.” A motion in arrest of judgment on account of tbe insufficiency of tbe information, because not presented by an officer authorized by law, was overruled. Tbe evidence in the case is as follows, viz: Walter Burns, being sworn for tbe State, testified: “I saw defendant at tbe date named in tbe indictment. He was in tbe saloon business at Blanket, in Brown County, Texas, and on that day be sold me a pint of whisky and I paid him for it. When I called for the whisky, be asked me if I was 21 years old, and I told him ‘I bad had tbe seven-year itch three times.’ He would not sell it to me at that time. I went out of tbe saloon, and in a few minutes went back in, and defendant sold me the whisky without asking any further questions. I was not 21 years old at that time. I was only 15 years old. I was not acquainted with defendant at tbe time, but I bad seen him a few times. I had no written consent from either of my parents, both of whom are living, to purchase whisky, and no one bad their written consent to sell to me. There is no other person standing in their place or stead. The sale took place in Brown County, Texas, on the day alleged in the indictment.” Defendant admitted that Walter Burns had no written consent from any one to buy the whisky.

Syllabus and headnotes are prepared by the reporter or publisher, not the court, and are not part of the opinion.

Opinion of the Court — Davidson

*321 DAVIDSON, Judge.

Counsel for tbe State, in his argument to the jury, said of the defendant: “If this man is not guilty, why does he not take the stand and testify in his own behalf? As you all know, he is now, under the law, a competent witness.” In signing the bill of exceptions, the court says, “that as soon as the objection was made the court corrected the prosecuting attorney, and then instructed the jury that the statement made by the attorney was uncalled for, and not warranted or permitted; that the defendant did not have to testify; that it was a matter wholly within his discretion; that the State had no right to question this discretion, or refer to the same; and that they should not hold it as a circumstance against the accused.” The statute provides, “that hereafter any defendant in a criminal action shall be permitted to testify in his own behalf therein, but the failure of any defendant to so testify shall not be taken as a circumstance against him, nor shall the same be alluded to or commented on by counsel in the cause.” Gen. Laws 21st Leg., p. 37. Hunt v. The State, 28 Texas Criminal Appeals, 149, is authority for holding this argument reversible error. It was in substance held, in that opinion, that the latter clause of the act cited absolutely prohibits allusion by counsel to the failure of the accused to testify in his own behalf, and that the inhibition is so far mandatory that its violation by prosecuting counsel will work a reversal of the judgment of conviction, although the court may have sought by admonition and by instruction to the jury to disregard such remarks of counsel. The rule in the Hunt case, supra, is here reaffirmed.

The information recites that it was presented by the “ deputy county attorney.” The Act of the Legislature authorizes the appointment of assistant county attorneys, not to exceed three in number. Acts 22nd Leg., p. 91. While it is the better practice, as a general rule, to use the statutory words, and give officers their statutory appellations, we think the term “deputy,” as used in the information, sufficiently designates the “assistant” county attorney, and the information should not be vacated on that account. The remaining errors assigned we deem untenable.

The judgment is reversed and cause remanded.

jReversed and remanded.

Judges all present and concurring.

How later courts describe this case

No later court has written an explanatory parenthetical about this case yet.

Cited by 7 cases

View all citing references →
1904: 11905: 11908: 11909: 11915: 11948: 219042026peak 1948 · 2

Relies on it most ⓘ

  1. Moore v. State209 S.W.2d 192 (Tex. Crim. App. 1948)
  2. Pryse v. State113 S.W. 938 (Tex. Crim. App. 1908)
  3. Hill v. State207 S.W.2d 413 (Tex. Crim. App. 1948)
  4. Hare v. State118 S.W. 544 (Tex. Crim. App. 1909)
  5. Pierson v. State180 S.W. 1080 (Tex. Crim. App. 1915)
  6. Adams v. State81 S.W. 963 (Tex. Crim. App. 1904)

Most recent

  1. Moore v. State209 S.W.2d 192 (Tex. Crim. App. 1948)
  2. Hill v. State207 S.W.2d 413 (Tex. Crim. App. 1948)
  3. Pierson v. State180 S.W. 1080 (Tex. Crim. App. 1915)
  4. Hare v. State118 S.W. 544 (Tex. Crim. App. 1909)
  5. Pryse v. State113 S.W. 938 (Tex. Crim. App. 1908)
  6. Murrey v. State87 S.W. 349 (Tex. Crim. App. 1905)

Citing references are not a citator: they show that a later opinion cites this case, not whether it followed, distinguished, or overruled it. Check negative history before relying on this case.

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