Warren v. Kimball

Appleton, C. J.

This is a" writ of entry, in which the plaintiff claims title by deed. The defendant derives his title under a levy in due form of law. The execution upon which the levy was made issued upon a judgment, where the attachment in the original suit appears to be of a date prior to that of the plaintiff’s deed. As both parties claim under one Webber, and as the defendant’s levy, being seasonably made, relates back to the date of the attachment, and thus is prior to the plaintiff’s deed, the defense upon the facts as thus stated must prevail.

■ But the plaintiff offers to show that the writ in the suit, Kimball v. Webber, was made on the 19th September, 1865, and not on the 15th; that the defendant, after examining the plaintiff’s deed and ascertaining that said Webber had conveyed the demanded premises to the plaintiff, made said writ on the evening of the 19th September, and ante-dated the same. These facts, if proved, would show fraud on the part of the defendant, and that his apparently legal title was obtained" solely by and through such fraud.

The plaintiff is no party to the suit of Kimball v. Webber. Neither is he privy in estate. It seems to be settled that as between the parties to a suit, and those claiming under them as privies, and all others whose rights and liabilities are dependent upon the suit, as bail, and indorsers the return of the sheriff of matters ■ material to be returned, is so far conclusive evidence that it cannot be contradicted for the pui'pose of invalidating the sheriff’s proceedings or defeating rights acquired under them. But such evidence is not conclusive as to third persons.. Fraud vitiates all contracts into which it enters, whether verbal or written, under seal or of record, and the principle applies equally to the records and judgments of *267 courts. “ That judgments, as well as other transactions, are vitiated by fraud,” observes Bellows, J., in Great Falls Manufacturing Co. v. Worster, 45 N. H. 111, “ is not open to controversy; Fermor’s case, 3 Co. Rep. 77a; Hoitt v. Holcomb, 23 N. H. 554; but it is sometimes made a question in what manner it shall be taken advantage of. There is, however, no doubt that a judgment may be collaterally impeached by a third person not a party or privy to it, upon the ground that it was obtained by collusion with intent to defraud him.” If a judgment be taken in a way to hinder, delay, or defraud other creditors of the debtor, the law pronounces such judgment fraudulent and void, as against such creditors. Robinson v. Holt, 39 N. H. 557; Page v. Jewett, 46 N. H. 441. When a judgment, fraudulently rendered between the parties, is brought collaterally before the court, it may be shown to be void for want of notice or for fraud. Downs v. Fuller, 2 Met. 138 ; Leonard v. Bryant, 11 Met. 370 .

The plaintiff offers to show what, if proved, in a case in which he was no party and to which he was not a privy, would be a gross fraud on the part of the defendant. It is no sufficient answer for the fraudulent party to say, that the party whom he would have defrauded, may have a remedy against the officer, a partaker of his crime, and without whose cooperation it could not have been effected. There is no reason why his fraud should be successful, which does not apply to all frauds. The objection to the admission of the evidence offered is purely technical. But fraud is not to be suffered to- remain safely and securely intrenched behind the mere technicalities of the law.

The true date of a writ may be shown, as between the parties to it. The apparent date is only 'prima facie evidence of the time when it was sued out. Gardner v. Webber, 17 Pick. 412 ; Bunker v. Shed, 8 Met. 153 ; Sargent v. Hampden, 38 Maine, 581; Trafton v. Rogers, 13 Maine, 315. The teste of a -writ is prima facie evidence of the time when it was sued, but it is not conclusive ; and the actual time when it was sued out and delivered to the officer, may be proved by parol evidence. Parkman v. Crosby, 16 *268 Pick. 297 . If the defendant has been guilty of fraud in procuring the title under which he claims, the plaintiff has the same right to show his fraudulent misconduct, whether it relates to the inception of the suit or the rendition of judgment. He can set up no estop-pel to prevent the truth from being known and his fraud from being defeated.

The evidence offered shows that the defendant had full knowledge of the plaintiff’s title before suing out his writ against Web-ber. The taking a second deed with a full knowledge of a prior unrecorded one is a fraud, which postpones the deed, as between the fraudulent grantee and the first grantee, though the second deed be first placed on record. So an attachment of land previously deeded by one having actual knowledge of an elder deed ot the same land, will not avail the attaching creditor to defeat the prior right of the first grantee. Porter v. Cole, 4 Grreenl. 20 ; Priest v. Rice, 1 Pick. 164 ; Coffin v. Ray, 1 Met. 212 . But the grantee of real estate having notice of a prior unregistered deed, or other claim thereto, may, nevertheless, convey a perfect title to a bona fide purchaser having no notice of such deed or claim. Pierce v. Faunce, 47 Maine, 507.

The question here presented is whether evidence of knowledge of a previous deed, on the part of an attaching creditor, of the same land, and of a fraudulent antedating by him of the writ on which the attachment is made is admissible in a case ^by the party to be defrauded against -the party, by whom the alleged fraud is said to have been perpetrated,— and we think it is. It would be a very different matter if the fraudulently attaching creditor had conveyed the land levied upon to a bona fide grantee, who should make his purchase relying upon the title disclosed by the record.

The case to stand for trial.

Cutting, Kent, WaltoN, Danfoet'h, and BaRROWs, JJ., concurred.