Horan v. Boston Elevated Railway Co.

Braley, J.

It is settled under R. L. c. 175, § 66, that the declaration whether oral or in writing by a person since deceased, who if living would be a competent witness at the trial, cannot be admitted in evidence unless the presiding judge' “finds that it was made in good faith before the commencement of the action and upon the personal knowledge of the declarant.” Stocker v. Foster, 178 Mass. 591, 602 . Dixon v. New England Railroad, 179 Mass. 242, 246 . Dickinson v. Boston, 188 Mass. 595, 597 . Heathcote v. Eldridge, 226 Mass. 168 . O’Driscoll v. Lynn & Boston Railroad, 180 Mass. 187 . And “this judicial action is to be inferred from the admission of the evidence itself where the exceptions fail to state that the inquiry was not made.” Dickinson v. Boston, 188 Mass. 595, 597 . Heathcote v. Eldridge, 226 Mass. 168 . The plaintiff, in describing what happened after she fell, said, “Mr. McCarthy, as I learned later he was, came down and he picked me up,” and, McCarthy having died, his sister, called by the plaintiff, testified in direct examination to a conversation with her brother “about the plaintiff’s accident on which this suit is based.” But, before narrating the conversation she was cross-examined, dining which she testified, that having asked him how the plaintiff “got hurt” “he told me she was on the car,” and to the question, “That is all there is to it?” the response was, “Yes.” The first question on redirect examination, “Now what did he tell you?” was answered subject to the defendant’s exception, “He told me that the car was stopped, the conductor rang the bell, the car started and the girl was thrown into the street, and that was the end of the conversation. We said nothing more about it.”

If the record closed here the admission itself of the evidence would be sufficient to support the presumption that the judge was satisfied the declaration was made in good faith and upon McCarthy’s personal knowledge and before the action was begun. Marston v. Reynolds, 211 Mass. 590 . Heathcote v. Eldridge, 226

*248 Mass. 168. But a long recross-examination followed in which an attempt seems to have been made to show that the declarant did not witness the accident, and at its close the defendant’s counsel, without stating his grounds, moved to have the answer given in the redirect-examination struck out. The judge rightly denied the motion, in so far as any question was raised that the answer if admitted was not relevant evidence. It was for the jury to determine, even if the witness made inconsistent statements, whether the conversation given in redirect-examination was true or should be wholly rejected. Root v. Boston Elevated Railway, 183 Mass. 418 . But, in denying the motion, he ruled, “The statute says it shall not be inadmissible if made in good faith and before action was brought and upon the personal knowledge of the declarant. That is the question. As far as it devolves upon the court to make preliminary finding I am inclined to think it may be found from testimony that this was made upon the personal knowledge of the declarant, that is for the jury to say. I simply say as far as admissibility is concerned that it is before us, that it is not evidence unless it be considered that it was made by McCarthy upon his personal knowledge, not what he was told, but what he saw and heard and did himself. With that understanding, that statement, the evidence may stand.” It would seem that he indicated very plainly that no preliminary finding had been made, and unquestionably in what, he said he did not make the preliminary finding required by the statute, without which the declaration was inadmissible. It accordingly was error to leave the question to the jury whose sole province was to pass upon the credibility of the evidence if it had been properly before them, and not upon its admission. Slotofsky v. Boston Elevated Railway, 215 Mass. 318, 320 . McSweeney v. Edison Electric Illuminating Co. 228 Mass. 563, 564. See Commonwealth v. Russ 232 Mass. 58, 69 .

The plaintiff urges that in view of the instructions the defendant has not been prejudiced, and St. 1913, c. 716, § 1, should be applied. We cannot however disregard the fact that the jury were permitted to consider statements not admitted in evidence, and which, if properly before them, tended strongly to corroborate the plaintiff’s version of the accident.

Exceptions sustained.