Summary
This was an ejectment for lands [in Bridport. The plaintiff in support of the issue, gave in evidence a mortgage deed from one Farmery Hemmingway to himself, dated Dec. 2, 1829, to secure payment on a note for $562,00 together with the terms described in the condition.
Also, a deed from Farmery Hemmingway to Jonas Hemming-way, dated Sept. 20, 1830, and sundry subsequent conveyances showing that the defendants derived their title from said-Jonas, The possession of the defendants'at the time of. bringing of this suit was admitted.
The defendant then gave in evidence, a mortgage deed from Farmery Hemmingway to Vashni Hemmingway, dated May 14, 1814, together with the record of a decree sof foreclosure of said mortgage by Edward H. and others, the executors of said Vashni in Jan. 1826 which became absolute in Jan. 1827. And also, a deed from Edward Hemmignway and others,who were proved to be heirs of said Vashni, to Jonas Hemmingway, dated Nov. 8,‘ 1834, The amount stated in the decree to have been due on the mortgage is about $2,500. No possesion .of the premises was ever taken nor any steps to .enforce said decree by the heirs of said Vashni.
The plaintiff then offered testimony tending to prere that the mortgage to ;s.aid Vashni had been paid before said decree ; and among other things the testimony of a witness that many years since Farmery took to Massachusetts where the said Vashni resided, a large amount of property consisting of horses, professedly for the purpose of paying said mortgaged .debt, that said property was left there, but whether it was paid to said Vashni the witness did not know except from the declaration sof said Farmery.
To this evidence the defendant objected, but the same was admitted by the court.. The plaintiff then proved by the solicitor, ■who procured the foreclosure that a large amount, to wit: the sum ,of $1069 dollars was paid to him by said Farmery, on account of £he .mortgage before the foreclosure., which was not applied, but that the decree was taken for the full amount of the notes.
He proved also the declaration of Edward Hemingway made in the fall of 1829, that there was only between $300 and $400 due on the mortgage to Vashni.
He also proved by the declaration of Jonas Hemmingway made shortly after the deed from Farmery H. to him dated in Sept. 1830, that he, Jonas, was by the agreement with Farmery to pay the mortgage to Vashni, and also the plaintiff’s mortgage towards the purchasing of the land; that he retained $400 dollars to pay the mortgage to Vashni, and if the sum due did not amount to that he was to send the balance to Farmery. It was also proved that Jonas afterwards made a payment of interest to the plaintiff on bis mortgage.
The defendants’ then offered evidence to prove that at the time ■of the purchase by Jonas H. of Farmery in Sept. 1830, FSrmery deceived Jonas in representing to him that the amount due on the mortgage was less than was actually due. This evidence, was objected to and rejected by the court.
The defendants then offered said Edward H. as a witness to prove the fairness of the decree, who was objected to by the plaintiff as interested and his testimony was rejected.
4£he court charged the jury that the.dgcr«e having been taken for a much larger amount than was due, and that circumstance having been known at the time both to Edward and his solicitor and no explanation being furnished, the decree was to be regarded as fraudulent as to the plaintiff.
And further, if Jonas Hemmingway agreed upon the occasion of the purchase in Sept. 1830 to pay their mortgage and retained a part of the purchase money for that purpose, that it was not now eompetentfor him or those claiming under’him to set up an assignment from Edward as a defence in this suit, but that said assignment must be considered an extinguishment of said mortgage.
To these several decisions and charge the defendants excepted.
The declarations of Farmery Hemmingway were clearly inadmissible, and cannot be distinguished from permitting a man .to prove, that he had the money in his pocket, and said he was going to pay a note on mortgage. It is in no sense a part of the res gestee, of the fact necessary to be proved, to wit: thejpayment of the money. Or further, it only amounts to evidence tending to prove, the existence of an to pay sometime previous to the time when it is pretended the payment was made. Proof of the existence of an intention to do a wrongful act, is in criminal law, a familiar principle; but the admitting proof of an intention to perform a contract as legitimate evidence of its fulfilment is as novel as it would be dangerous. — Starkie Ev. 47.
2- The oourt erred in rejecting the testimony showing a fraud practiced by Farmery Hemingway on Jonas. It was indispensable to explain what the plaintiff proved Jonas had said. It is manifest from the case that Jonas in purchasing of Farmery was deceived in relation to the amount due on the Vashni Hemming-way mortgage, and the proof offered would have explained it fully. Suppose Farmery sold Jonas for $1500 and that he represented that there was but $400 due on the Vashni Hemmingway mortgage, and that as between Farmery Hemmingway and Jonas it was agreed, that out of the purchase money Jonas should reserve $400 for the Vashni H. mortgage and enough to pay plaintiff’s debt, that acting on the supposition that only $400 was due Vash-ni H. he should have paid a number of hundred dollars to Far-mery, and afterwards found that there was enough due to V. Hemmingway to swallow up the whole amount of the purchase money originally agreed to be paid. We conceive that no principle of law or equity required Jonas H. to extinguish plaintiff’s mortgage. If the contract to pay off the prior incumbrance, had been between Jonas and plaintiff and entered into'for a valuable consideration and without any fraud in plaintiff, the question would have required a different consideration. But when the contract is utterly void between the original parties, for fraud, it is beyond our comprehension, how it can be set up by third persons claiming through the perpetration of the fraud; and that too against the man defrauded. No person can compel Jonas to execute the contract beyond what Farmery could have coerced him.
The equitable defence arising out of the misrepresentations of Farmery is as unanswerably applied to others'claiming through Farmery, as it would be to him. The purchasing in this prior in-cumbrance cannofoperate to extinguish the mortgage if it would be extinguishable. — Lockwood vs. S->, 6 Conn. 373. — Baldwin vs. Morton, 2 Conn. 161. — Marshal vs. Wood et al., 5 Vt. R. 250.
3. Jonas H. had a right to purchase in the Vashni H. claim 'to strengthen his own title. He was not only a mortgagee as well as plaintiff but also a purchaser and will be protected in bringing in a prior incumbrance. — Powel on M. 479-80.
4. But the mortgage was at an end, a foreclosure had taken place, and the title to the land had become absolute in Vashni Hemmingway. Hence a quit claim from Vashni or his heirs conveyed the land itself.
5. The court erred in rejecting the testimony of Edward Hem-mingway. All the interest he ever had he had released to Jonas, and as by the terms of that contract, he had not in any way become answerable for the validity of the title, he had no legal interest in this controversy. The verdict could never be used against him.
6. The court erred in charging the jury that the taking the decree for more than was due was fraudulent. It is indeed suggested in this part of the case, that no explanation was offered, but it will be found from another part of the case that an explanation was offered, but the court declined hearing it. If a party taking a decree or judgment has in his own hands the means of taking the decree or judgment for the true amount, he is bound to do it. But where payments have been made on notes, bonds or other securities, and receipts given the obligee, it is not in bis power by neglecting to produce his vouchers, to prevent the plaintiff from obtaining a valid judgment. To impeach such judgment there must be something more than the facytbal.it is, too large. Some fraud must appear.
7. If the foreclosure was invalid yet the debt to V. H. was unpaid, and the original lien remained. The taking a foreclosure for a sum too large would not destroy the right to what was honestly due — as the claim of the heirs of Vashni H. had passed to Jonas, it furnished the same protection to him, that it would have done to them had they taken possession under the claim. It must be conceded that they could not be ejected from the land until the sum actually due them had been paid unless the purchase of this prior incumbrance operates as an extinguishment. It is immaterial in defending this action whether the foreclosure be valid or not.
8. As Jonas had paid off a prior incumbrance effecting plaintiff’s title as well as his own, plaintiff cannot take the benefit of such a payment without at least paying Jonas an equitable proportion of the money thus paid out.
The plaintiff objects to any title derived to the defendant under this old mortgage.
I. That the decree as to the plaintiff w as fraudulent.
2. That if it was not fraudulent the purchasing in of the title under it by Jonas Hemingway from the heirs of Vashni was an. extinguishment of that title, so that it could not be set up by those claiming under Jonas against the plaintiffs title. The fact that Farmery H. was permitted to remain in possession for such a length of time, and the fact that 1069 dollars had been paid by Farmery to the mortgagee’s] solicitor before the decree and not applied, afforded a strong presumption that the mortgage was satisfied and the decree fraudulent; and to strengthen this presumption, the testimony showing that Farmery had taken property to Massachusetts, professedly for the purpose of paying on the mortgage, was properly admitted by the court Starkie partS, 241.— 19 Johns. 164. — 15 Mass. 230.
Jonas Hemmingway was the real party interested in this suit and his declarations at and near the time of his making the purchase of Farmery as to the contract between him and Farmery was proper testimony. — Starkie 1387 — 1 Esp. 394. — 11 East. 584. — Starkie 42, part 4.
The testimony as to Farmery’s representing to Jonas that the sum due on the said mortgage was less than was really due was-properly rejected. If Jonas chose to rely on Farmery’s statement instead of ascertaining the fact for himself, this ought not to effect the plaintiff.
Edward Hemmingway was not a competent witness. A person who has acquired a fraudulent title and fraudulently conveyed the same though by quit-claim is not a competent witness. — Swift’s Digest vol. 2, p. 252. — 3 Johns. R. 371.
As to thejother objection to the defendant’s protecting themselves under the old mortgage and decree. The plaintiff insists that admitting the decree to have been a fair and just one, that in the relation defendants stand to plaintiff’s title they cannot avail themselves of it.
Farmery Hemmingway the mortgagor (as it was his duty to pay up this mortgage) could not by taking a conveyance from the mortgagee or his heirs have set up this title against his own grantee the plaintiff. Though in form a conveyance, it would in efféct be an extinguishment of the mortgage title. Nor could he set up any title inconsistent with his' own deed. — Starkie 6, 535, part 4.
Jonas Hemmingway in every respect stands in the same relation to the title that Farmery did. When he purchased ol Farmery, a part of the consideration was that Jonas- should pay both the bal-anee due on the old mortgage and the debt due the plaintiff The' money for both these purposes was left in his hands by Far-_ mery. The conveyance to him, therefore, of the title under the' old mortgage in its legal effect is an extinguishment of that title.” Collins vs. Torry, 1 Johns. R. 278.- — 6 Johns. R. 896. — 6 Vt. R. 602.
Another objection if it were necessary, may be made to the defendant’s title under the old mortgage. The payments on it, some before and some since the decree have reduced the sum' due from 2500 dollars named in the decree, to about 400 dollars.The receiving payments on the debt by the mortgagee has the'effect of opening the mortgage to redemption by the mortgagor. The interest of the mortgagee in this mortgage is personal property and goes to the executor or administrator, and no title to the premises passed to the heirs of Vashni Hemmingway.
Syllabus and headnotes are prepared by the reporter or publisher, not the court, and are not part of the opinion.
