Rice v. Tilton

Beard, Justice.

On May 18, 1900, Chauncey B. Tilton died in Franklin County, Massachusetts, of which place he was a resident, leaving a will in which Alonzo M. Rice, Dexter F. Hagar and Eliza A. Howland, plaintiffs in error (hereinafter called plaintiffs), were named as executors and executrix, respectively, of said will. They were residents of Massachusetts. William E. Tilton, the defendant in error (hereinafter called defendant), is a son of decedent, a resident of Carbon County, Wyoming, and a legatee and devisee under the will. The estate consisted of real and personal property situated and located in Franklin County, Massachusetts, and in Carbon County, Wyoming, the value of the *426 property in Wyoming, both real and personal, being in the neighborhood of about $30,000. The deceased owed no debts in Wyoming at the time of his death. Upon the application of plaintiffs, the will was admitted to probate by the Probate Court of said Franklin County, July 3, 1900, and letters testamentary issued to plaintiffs and they immediately qualified. On August 7, 1900, the defendant appealed from the order of the Probate Court admitting the will to probate, to the Supreme Judicial Court of the commonwealth of Massachusetts, and thereupon the plaintiffs were appointed special administrators and administratrix, respectively, of the estate pending the appeal. Thereafter certain agreements of compromise were entered into between plaintiffs and defendant and Arabella A. Tilton, the widow of the deceased, which agreements were probated with and as a part of the will, in said Supreme Court, by agreement of said parties, and the order of the Probate Court admitting the will to probate was affirmed as thus modified on May 14, 1901, and letters testamentary were then duly and regularly issued to plaintiffs. By the terms of the agreements, probated with and as a part of the will, the defendant was to have $500 in cash, the live stock and farm implements, and certain real estate in Carbon Count)' in full payment and satisfaction of all the legacies and devises to him or for his benefit and in full payment of claims of indebtedness of the estate to him, and the estate released all claims of indebtedness against him. The plaintiffs, while acting under their various appointments by the Massachusetts court, collected and received a considerable sum of money upon loans made by deceased to residents of Carbon County, and for rents of real estate there situated. Neither of the plaintiffs came to Wyoming, nor did they take any steps toward probating the will in this state for some time. The date and circumstances attending their application will be noticed hereafter. On November 9, 1901, the defendant filed his petition in the District Court of Carbon County, praying for the probate of the will in *427 that county and for his appointment as administrator with the will annexed, and on November 30, 1901, the will was, by order of said court, admitted to probate and the defendant appointed administrator with the will annexed. He qualified and filed his bond December 5, 1901, and proceeded to administer upon the estate in Wyoming. On January 21, 1902, the defendant filed his petition in the District Court of said Carbon County, in the matter of said estate, the purpose of which seems to be to compel the specific performance of the agreements probated with the will. To this petition the plaintiffs answered March 15, 1902, alleging in their answer that the defendant’s appointment was illegal and void for want of notice to them of the application for the probate of the will. No further proceedings were had in that matter because on June 6, 1902, the plaintiffs filed their petition in said court to vacate and set aside the order of November 30, 1901, by which the will was admitted to probate and the defendant appointed. Upon this petition such proceedings were had that, on" April 4, 1903, the District Court made an order setting-aside, revoking, vacating and wholly annulling the order of November 30, 1901, for the reason that proper notices had not been given of the application as required by law, the order reciting that counsel for William E. Tilton admitted in open court that proper notice had not been given. On April n, 1903, the plaintiffs filed their petition in said District Court for the probate of the will and for letters testamentary to he issued to them. At the same time the defendant filed his petition for the probate of the will and for letters of administration with the will annexed. The defendant filed an answer to plaintiffs’ petition and objections to their appointment, admitting their appointment in Massachusetts and alleging that they had never taken any steps to have the will probated in Wyoming; that they had neglected the estate by reason of which it had suffered great loss; that they had not reported to the Massachusetts court as required by the laws of that state and had failed to pay anj'- of the legacies provided for under the will.

*428 The plaintiffs filed objections to the appointment of defendant on the grounds, mainly, that they were entitled to letters, and that the defendant was not a fit or proper person to administer upon the estate because he had contested the probate of the will in Massachusetts and was hostile to certain provisions of the will and desired to have certain clauses of the same set aside for his own pecuniary benefit.

Each party filed a reply to the objections of the other, and upon the issues thus joined, the cases were tried to the court, and by agreement of the parties the two cases were heard together; and on May 6, 1903, the will was admitted to probate without objection by either party and the court found generally for the defendant and against the plaintiffs, together with certain special findings which will be noticed hereafter, and entered an order appointing defendant administrator with the will annexed and refusing to appoint plaintiffs. A motion for a new trial was "denied and plaintiffs bring error.

Both parties having applied for the probate of the will, and it having been admitted to probate by the District Court of Carbon County without objection by either party, there is no dispute upon that point. The contention on the part of the plaintiffs is, that as they are the persons named in the will as executors and executrix, respectively, and letters testamentary having been granted to them by the court of Massachusetts, where the will ivas first probated, they are entitled to letters in this state as a matter of right, if competent; and that they are competent under the laws of this state. On behalf of the defendant, it is claimed that the plaintiffs are incompetent; that they forfeited any right they may have had, by reason of their neglect and failure to appty for the probate of the will and for letters within the time allowed by law.

We think the case can be properly decided by a consideration of the following questions:

1. Were the plaintiffs incompetent?

2. Does Section 4574, Revised Statutes, 1899, apply to foreign wills, and if so, was good cause for delay shown?

*429 3. Did plaintiffs lose their preference right to be' appointed by reason of delay?

4. Was defendant incompetent?

We will consider these questions in the order stated.

Section 4628, Revised Statutes, 1899, is as follows: ‘No person is competent to serve as executor who, at the time the will is admitted to probate, is: (1) Under the age of majority; (2) convicted of infamous crime; (3) adjudged by the court, judge or commissioner thereof in vacation incompetent to execute the trust by reason of drunkenness, improvidence or want of understanding or integrity. If the sole executor or all the executors are incompetent, or renounce, or fail to apply for letters, or to appear and qualify, letters of administration with the will annexed must be issued as designated and provided for the grant of letters in case of intestacy.”

Section 4629, Revised Statutes, 1899, provides: “Any person interested in a will may file objections in writing to granting letters testamentary to the persons named as executors therein, or any of them, for the reasons stated in the next preeding section; and the objections may be heard and determined by the court; or the judge or commissioner thereof in vacation. If such objections are sustained, a petition may then be filed for letters of administration with the will annexed.”

The language of these two sections of the statute, when taken together, would seem to be so plain that there can be no doubt about their construction; and that the only objections that can be properly made to granting letters testamentary to the executors named in the will, upon the grounds of incompetency, must be for one or more of the reasons stated in Section 4628; and if the persons named in the will do not come within either of the classes of persons mentioned in that section and declared thereby to be incompetent, they have the right to the appointment unless they have renounced, or have failed to apply for the probate of the will or for letters. It was so held by the Supreme *430 Court of California under a statute in exactly the same language as ours and from which our statute was copied. {In re Bauquier’s Estate, 88 Cal., 302 ( 26 Pac., 178 .)

On the trial the District Court made a finding of facts, in addition to the general finding in favor of the defendant; and it is insisted by plaintiffs’ counsel that these findings are not supported by the evidence. We do not deem it necessary to consider all of them. Among these findings is the following: “The court further finds that Alonzo M. Rice, Dexter F. Hager and Eliza A. Plowland, or either of them, are not fit, suitable or competent persons to be appointed by this court to administer upon the estate of decedent within and under the jurisdiction of this court, and finds that William E. Tilton is in every way a suitable, fit and competent person and entitled to letters of administration with the will annexed as prayed for in his petition.”

As to the finding of incompetency on the part of plaintiffs, it is sufficient to say here, that we discover no evidence in the record to support that finding, or rather conclusion, under the construction we place upon the sections of the statute above quoted. We think the court must have based that finding upon the fact of their delay; or from the fact that they were non-residents of this state; the decision having been made before the case of Hecht v. Carey, 78 Pac., 705 , was decided by this court; in which case it was - held that non-residence did not disqualify one as an executor, if he came into the state and submitted himself to the jurisdiction of the court and personally conducted the affairs of the estate. In our opinion, the plaintiffs were not shown to be incompetent.

2. Does Section 4574, Revised Statutes, apply to foreign wills? In order to arrive at a correct construction and application of this section, all of the statutory provisions on the subject must be read together. Nearly all of those provisions, as they appear in the Revised Statutes of 1899, are taken literally from Chapter 70, Laws of 1890-91, when ■our probate law, in substantially its present form, was *431 adopted. The sections bearing upon the question under consideration are found in Chapter 70, Subdivision of Chapter 2, Raws of 1890-91, and are set out below with the corresponding section numbers in Revised Statutes, 1899. Section 1’ Laws of 1890-91 — Section 4530, Revised Statutes, 1899, provides where wills must be proved. Subdivision 3 of said section: “In the county in which any part of the estate may' be, the decedent having died out of the state, and not resident thereof at the time of his death.”

Section 4, Laws of 1890-91 — Section 4572, Revised Statutes : “Any executor, devisee or legatee named in any will, or any person interested in the estate, may, at any time after the death of the testator, petition the court having jurisdiction to have the will proved, whether the same be in writing-in his possession or not, or is lost, destroyed or beyond the jurisdiction of the state or a nuncupative will.”

Section 6, Laws of 1891 — Section 4574, Revised Statutes : “If the person named in the will as executor, f01-thirty days after he has knowledge of the death of the testator, and that he is named as executor, fails to petition the proper court for the probate of the will, and that letters testamentary be issued to him, he may be held to have renounced his right to letters, and the court may appoint any other competent person administrator, unless good cause for delay is shown.”

Section 14, Laws of 1891 — Section 4582, Revised Statutes : “All wills duly proved and allowed in any other of the United States, or in any foreign country or state, may be allowed and recorded in the District Court of any county^ in which the testator shall have left any estate.”

Section 15, Laws of 1890-91 — Section 4583, Revised Statutes: “When a copy of the will and the probate thereof, duly authenticated, shall be produced by the executor, or any other person interested in the will, with a petition for letters, the same must be filed, and the court, judge or commissioner thereof must appoint a time for 'hearing; notice whereof must be given as hereinafter provided for an original petition for the probate of a will.”

*432 Section 16, Laws of 1890-91 — Section 4584, Revised Statutes: “If, on the hearing, it appears upon the face of • the record that the will has been proved, allowed and admitted to probate in any other of the United States, or in any foreign country, and that it was executed according to the laws of the place in which the same was made, or in which the testator was at the time domiciled, or in conformity with the laws of this state, it must be admitted to probate, and have the same force and effect as a will first admitted to probate in this state, and letters testamentary or of administration issued thereon.”

We have set out these sections in the order in which they appear in the original act for the reason that we think it materially aids in their proper construction and application. They are all contained in Sub-Chapter 2, Chapter 70, Laws of 1890-91, which treats of probate jurisdiction and procedure, and includes both domestic and foreign wills. The placing of the sections in different order and under separate headings in the Revised Statutes, 1899, by the Revision Committee, we think, was not intended to and did not, in airy way, change their application. We are, therefore, of the opinion that Section 4574, supra, applies to both foreign and domestic wills. The onfy difference between the two seems to be in the method of proving a will previously probated in another jurisdiction. The purpose of the statute was evidently to secure the prompt administration and settlement of estates and to require the executors named in a will to proceed with diligence or, in case of unreasonable delay on their part, to surrender their right to those interested in the estate.

The District Court also found: “That said executors found that the estate of said decedent was chiefly located in the County of Carbon, State of Wyoming, and that more than thirty days and more than a reasonable time since their appointment by the Massachusetts court elapsed before they applied to any of the courts of the State of Wyoming for the probate of said will and their appointment.” This ' *433 finding is attacked on the ground that it is not supported by the evidence. Counsel for the plaintiffs contending that the evidence shows good cause for the delay. We think the finding has sufficient support in the evidence to warrant the court in arriving at the conclusion it did. The will was first probated in the Probate Court of Massachusetts July 3, 1900, from which defendant on August 7, 1900, took an appeal, and this appeal was decided May 14, 1901. .at which time plaintiffs were finally appointed, and detters testamentary issued to them. The will might have been probated in this state without waiting for the probate in Massachusetts. (Secs. 4530, 4572, R. S.; Clayton v. Clayton, 66 Pac., 410 .) But the fact of the application having been made there and the probate of the will being there contested, was, probably, a sufficient showing of good cause for not applying to the court of this state, up to the time of the final decision in that state. And for the purposes of this case we will so consider it. Nothing, however, was done by the plaintiffs looking toward the probate of the will in Wyoming until about October 8, 1901, when it apr pears that their attorney in Massachusetts wrote to Judge Craig, the presiding judge of the District Court in and for Carbon 'County, Wyoming, a nd was informed by Judge Craig by lett er dated October 18, 1901, that the will could be probated and plaintiffs appointed in Carbon County, which would authorize them to transact all business of the estate except to convey real estate, and for that purpose a resident administrator would have to be appointed. The attorney’s letter is not in the record, but from Judge Craig’s reply we think it must have referred to ancillary letters under Section 4585, Revised Statutes, which applies to personal property only. The plaintiffs claim they were misled b) Judge Craig’s letter and that the}'- then sought for someone to act in Wyoming. A part of the correspondence on this subject is in the record, and it shows that the only purpose for which they desired the appointment of a resident administrator was to make the convey- *434 anees of the real estate; and that it was their intention to transact all other business connected with the estate without being appointed and without qualifying in Wyoming. That this was their intention, further appears from the testimony of Mr. Rice, one of the plaintiffs, who was present and was examined as a witness at the trial. In answer to a question by the court, he stated, that if the defendant had not applied for the probate of the will and for his appointment, it was not their intention to do so until they came to convey the real estate; as they were advised by their attorney in Massachusetts that it was not necessary. Neither of the plaintiffs came to Wyoming until about May 1, 1903, nor did they employ attorneys in Wyoming until early in January, 1902. In March of that year they filed their answer to the defendant’s petition in which he sought to enforce the performance of the contract probated with the will, in which answer they set up the illegality of defendant’s appointment; but not until June 6, 1902, did they file their petition to set aside his appointment. The fact that they were not familiar with the laws of this state, or that they were ill}'' advised by their Massachusetts attorney was not good cause for the delay. Had their application been timely made, the District Court would have had no discretion in the matter and would have been bound to' appoint them, if they were competent; and in such case they would be required to come here within a reasonable time and submit themselves to the jurisdiction of the court and personally conduct the settlement of the estate. (Hecht v. Carey, supra.)

3. This preference right is one that may be forfeited by delay. (Sec. 4574, R. S.; 11 A. & E. Enc. L., 756; 1 Abbott’s Pro. Law, 421; New v. Right, 44 Miss., 202 .) Under statutes giving to certain persons the preference right to letters of administration, and limiting the time within which such preferred persons may apply, it has been generally held, we think, that such preference is lost by a failure to apply within the time fixed by statute. (In re *435 Appeal of Mary Miller, 32 Neb., 480 ; Spencer v. Wolfe, 49 Neb., 8 ; Ramp v. McDaniel, 6 Pac., 456 ; In re Sutton’s Estate, 71 Pac., 1012 .)

'rtie object of the statute in both cases is the same, namely: to secure the prompt settlement of estates. The preference in the one case is given by reason of the express wish of the testator, and in the other by reason of relationship or interest in the estate; and neither should be disregarded, provided the persons so designated, either by the testator or the statute, proceed with due diligence to discharge the duties of the trust; but upon their failure so to do, the right is lost and others interested in the estate have. the right to come in. The plaintiffs were not rendered incompetent by the dela)', but simply lost their preference right, and it then became, at least, a matter for the exercise of sound discretion by the court; and unless we find that there was an abuse of that discretion by the judge of the District Court, the judgment should not be disturbed.

4. Was the defendant competent? His competency to act as administrator depends upon whether or not he is disqualified by Section 4637, Revised Statutes. And unless he comes within one of the classes of persons therein declared to be incompetent, he has the right to act.

The qualifications of an administrator are the same as those of an executor, with two exceptions. The administrator must be a bona fide resident of the state, and must not be a married woman. The court found that the defendant was competent, and we find no evidence in the record showing him to be incompetent under the statute. The objection most strongly urged by plaintiffs against defendant’s appointment is that of hostility to the terms of the will and adverse interest. But by the terms of the agreements of compromise probated with and as a part of the will, it is clearly stated just what he is to take, and he released the estate from all further liability to him and agreed to accept certain money and other property in full payment and satisfaction of all bequests and legacies to him *436 or m his favor. In any event, we think, an adverse claim made bj' him would not render him incompetent. (Estate of Muersing, 103 Cal., 385 ( 37 Pac., 520 ); Estate of Bauquier, supra; In re Brundages’ Estate, 75 Pac., 175 .) The bond of the defendant as administrator with the will annexed affords ample protection to devisees, legatees and others interested in the estate.

Upon an examination of the entire record, we have arrived at the conclusion that there was not such an abuse of discretion on the part of the District Court, if in fact there was any, as to warrant us in interfering with its judgment.

The judgment of the District Court is, therefore, affirmed. Affirmed.

Potter, C. J., concurs.