Chouteau v. Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad

Railroads — Duty to Fence Under Section 809, Revised Statutes. In respect to the duty of railroads to erect and maintain fences under section 809, Revised Statutes, the rule is, that though the point of injury is within switching grounds, and though such grounds be used in connection with a depot or station, the railroad company must, nevertheless, erect and maintain fences and cattle-_ guards, unless such .fences would interfere with the transaction of business, to the inconvenience of the public.

Appeal from Jackson Circuit Court, Hon. Francis M. Black, Judge. ' The case is stated in the opinion. I. Section 809, Revised Statutes, does not require fences to be built between the tracks of the Wabash Railway Company and those of defendant. The phraseology of the section showg it was not intended to apply to-the station grounds of a railroad company. Edioards v. Railroad, 66 Mo. 671; Morris ». Railroad, 79 Mo. 370;. McIntosh o. Railroad, 26- Mo. App. 362; Cousin7s case, 66 Mo. 572. II. Said section 2124 supplements section 809, and applies wherever section 809 is inapplicable. The railroad is not permitted, either in section 809, or section 2124, “to fence its track at a public crossing, nor where it runs through incorporated towns laid out into streets and thoroughfares, nor to- fence up their station.” Olarlcson case, 84 Mo. 585; Russell case, 83 Mo. 510r 516; McIntosh case, supra. And this for the plain reason that station grounds are not properly within the description of ,the lands mentioned in section 809. Its language is imperative. It declares that the railroads shall “erect and maintain.” The court is not at liberty to make exceptions to the positive commands of the statute. The earliest report of a case in the state where that exception appears is under section 2!-24. An exception is permissible in the application of section 2124. This section says where fences “maybe” built. This-has been construed tobe synonymous with “can be,” or with the words, “might” or “could.” 83 Mo. 516 and 10 ; 84 Mo. 585. If section 809 is properly applicable to injuries at station grounds, no exceptions can be allowed in favor of the public convenience against its positive command. If, however, section 2124 covers the-case, exceptions are permissible McGrath v. Railroad, 57 Mich. 555. Actions for injuries at such places must-be, and always have been, brought under section 2124, Bevised Statutes. Radcliff's case, 90 Mo. 132 ; Elliott's case, 66 Mo. 684; Russell’s case, 83 Mo. 583 ; Swearingen case, 64 Mo. 73. Public necessity would excuse defendant from building fences and cattle-guards at such places, and it may not lawfully fence them, Robertson ?). Railroad, 64 Mo. Mo. 414; Coche v. Railroad, Sup. Ct Texas, 1885; Railroad Rice, 99 Ind. 152; Pierce-■on Railroads, 420; Lloyd v. Railroad, 49 Mo. 201; Weir v. Railroad, 48 Mo. 558. The statute (sec. 809) was uot intended to prevent railroad companies from performing the duties they were organized to perform; it is not to receive such a construction as to cut off a railroad company from the use of its own grounds. Railroad ■». Beatty, 36 Ind. 32 ; Railroad v. Roland, 50 Ind. ■:349; Railroad v. Campbell, 47 Mich. 265. III. The only means which would have prevented the plaintiff’s cow from getting on defendant’s track at the point where it did, would be a fence erected between the Wabash track and the track of the defendant’s •road. The spade between these tracks is only five or six feet. The Pullman palace cars extend so far out beyond the rail that it is doubtful whether a fence could be built between the tracks which would clear the passing cars. Such a fence, if built, would be dangerous to the lives ■and limbs of passengers upon the tracks of the two roads. Barton v. Railroad, 52 Mo. 259 ; HvZsenJcamp v. Railroad, 37 Mo. 539. The bare existence of a track in such proximity to another itself demonstrates the danger to both passengers and employes. The liability of both the Wabash and the defendant to their servants for injuries received from such obstructions is clear. Allen •». Burlington, 57 la. 623 ; Russell case, 91 111. 298 ; Kearns ■v. Railroad, 66 la 599 \Robells, AdmJr, v. Railroad, 33 .Minn. 84 ; 8now ». Housatonic, 8 Allen, 441. IY. A fence without a cattle-guard is worse than no fence at all, as an opening is left at both ends through which cattle may enter, and the side fences prevent their ■ escape. As the court say, “ It is worse than no security —it would only furnish a trap.” Railroad n. LeaJc, 89 Ind. 599. We contend that cattle-guards are not required •.in section 809, where their construction would prevent the company from transacting its business, or using its yards, switches, side tracks and grounds, or prevent the public from access thereto. We contend that a fence is not required where cattle-guards cannot be built. A ' cattle-guard consists of a pit under the tracks as well as ■wing fences running to the sides of the right of way. We further contend that this section not only does not require, but will not afford any possible justification to the company in constructing them in the track upon which its servants are engaged in the train work at all hours of the day and night. The rule of law is, that the railroad is in duty bound to provide its servants with a safe place where they may perform their duties in its service. Lewis, Adm’r, 59 Mo. 495 ; Hall’s case, 74 Mo. 298; Porter’s case, 71 Mo. 77. This statute has been said to be for the purpose of securing the safety of the passengers. It certainly never was intended that the safety of passengers from imaginary dangers should be attained at the expense of the lives and limbs of the employes of the railroad company engaged at work on freight trains. Lewis case, 54 Mich. 55 ; Hoffman case, 75 N. Y. 605; Hartwig case, 49 Wis. 358. A railroad company is not required or permitted to put cattle-guards in its tracks where the same would imperil the lives and limbs of its trainmen. Railroad's. Willis, 93 Ind. 507 ; Kneadle v. Railroad, 94 Ind. 454 ; Railroad ». Herbolb, 99 Ind. 91; Railroad v. Manson, 31 Kas. 314; Railroad 7>. Heisbrander, Ohio St. 1883; Meyers v. Railroad, 35 Mo. 356. Y. The court erred in excluding evidence offered by defendant to show effect of fencing.