Smith v. Metropolitan Street Railway Co.

ELLISON, J.

Plaintiff brought this action to recover damages for injuries received while a passenger on one of defendant’s cable street railway cars. He recovered judgment in the trial court.

The petition states that the car stopped for passengers and plaintiff got upon the “footboard” of the grip car. It then states the construction of such grip car with great particularity. It is drawn rather out of the ordinary way. After stating the duties of the gripman and that he was in control of the movement of the car by means of the grip and levers and brakes, it is then stated that “he negligently and carelessly caused said car to move forward with a great and sudden jerk thereby throwing plaintiff off of said footboard,” whereby his leg was broken, etc. It then proceeds to state the extent of his injury, his suffering and pain, his expenses, his loss of time and abandonment of business, etc. It then, in a somewhat disconnected way, recurs to the matter of negligence and states the aforesaid injuries resulted from “defendant’s negligence in the following-particulars, that is to say: In causing said car while plaintiff was upon said footboard to move forward with great suddenness and with a jerk, instead of slowly and gradually, (and) in moving said car at all while plaintiff was on said footboard and without allowing him a reasonable time within which to reach a place of safety on said car.” The first of these two charges is evident *123 ly a repetition of the charge already made as above set ont. For the only means of starting the car or controlling its movements to which the petition makes any reference is through the effort of the gripman. There is evidence, however, having a tendency to show that the action of the car, especially as to jerks and suddenness of movement, could result from causes independent of the action of the gripman. Among these were “taking up of slack” in the cable rope, and the rope slipping on the “drum” at the power house. It is probable that such evidence caused plaintiff to be led into error in an instruction which he asked and obtained of the court. According to a long line of precedents in the Supreme and Appellate courts, the particular negligence charged cannot be changed or enlarged upon by the instructions. [Heinzle v. Railroad, 182 Mo. 528 ; Koenig v. Railroad, 173 Mo. 698 ; Bartley v. Railroad, 148 Mo. 140 .]

Plaintiff’s first instruction submits two hypotheses of negligence, one that the gripman started the car by a sudden jerk or forward movement, and one by increasing the speed of the car with a sudden jerk or forward movement. The sudden movement of a cable car from carelessness in starting, arid a sudden lunge forward increasing the speed while running, are two different classes of acts and require different preparation of defense. Making one of these an issue when it has not been alleged could well leave a defendant unprepared to meet such a state of case. There are, perhaps, many unavoidable or excusable causes for a suddenly accelerated movement of a cable car already in motion; when, perhaps, no excuse could be found for starting a car suddenly and violently.

It is, however, suggested that instructions given for defendant cure whatever was wrong in that instruction. We do not think so. The best that can be said of an instruction for a plaintiff saying, you may; and one for a defendant saying, you shall not, is a strong ten *124 dency to confuse. It is quite certain no one can say which the jury followed.

In response to defendant’s contention that there was no case made for the jury and that its demurrer to the evidence should have been sustained, we have examined the record and find that the trial court properly overruled the demurrer.

The judgment will be reversed and the cause re-mended.