State v. Fielding

McClain, J.

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1 Jurors: challenges.

*256 I. The assignment of error on the overruling by the trial court of defendant’s challenge to a *257 juror on the ground that he had formed and expressed an opinion as to the guilt of defendant is not well taken. The record shows that at the conclusion of his examination by the court he unqualifiedly affirmed his ability to discard any belief of defendant’s guilt based on conversations with reference to the matter, and the court, in the exercise of a sound discretion, was justified in reaching the conclusion that the objection to him was unfounded. State v. Crofford, 121 Iowa, 395 .

2 excusing a juror. The complaint that another juror, after being accepted, was excused by the court at his own request, on account of sickness’in his family, is also without merit. In excusing this juror the court gave the defendant the right to exercise an additional peremptory challenge, if his counsel saw proper to do so, and there could have been no prejudice resulting from the ruling.

3. Jurors: waiver of objection. But, without regard to the abstract question of the correctness of these two rulings of the court, defendant cannot complain for it does not appear that he had exhausted his peremptory challenges, or that any juror to whom objection was made and who could not have been removed by peremptory challenge was allowed to sit. State v. Wright, 112 Iowa, 436 .

4. Murder: evidence. II. The person whom defendant was charged with killing was his wife, and complaint is made of the introduction of testimony as to difficulties between them three days before the killing, in which defendant struck his wife, and by his declarations indicated ill will toward her. This testimony as to prior difficulties was admissible to show the relations of the° parties to each' other. 1 McClain’s Criminal Law, section 417.

*258

5. same: dying declarations.

*257 III. Statements of deceased with reference’to the circumstances attending the injury inflicted upon her by her husband which caused her death were proven over defendant’s objection. The complaint with reference to the rulings “permitting the introduction of this evidence are’not well *258 founded. The record sufficiently shows the belief of the injured woman at the time these declarations were made that she was about to die to justify their consideration by the jury; and, while it is contended that the statement of the wife,’ in this connection, that defendant deliberately shot her, involved a mere conclusion, the contention is without merit. These statements related to the act or transaction' of the killing, and, while general in their nature, they tended to prove a collective fact involving the defendant’s guilt. Sullivan v. State, 102 Ala. 135, 142 ( 15 South. 264 , 48 Am. St. Rep. 22 ); State v. Saunders, 14 Or. 300, 305 ( 12 Pac. 441 ); White v. State, 100 Ga. 659, 666 ( 28 S. E. 423 ); State v. Nettlebush, 20 Iowa, 257 ; State v. Baldwin, 79 Iowa, 714 ; State v. Kuhn, 117 Iowa, 216, 228 . The declarations here considered are different in this respect from those which were held in State v. Wright, 112 Iowa, 436, 445 , and State v. Sale, 119 Iowa, 1, 4 , to be inadmissible as mere statements of conclusion or opinion. The statement in the case before us involved, first, an assertion of the fact that it was defendant who shot her; and, second, as to the manner and attendant circumstances of the shooting, that it was intentional and not accidental.

6. Trial: reading of reporter's discretion. IV. There was no error in the action of the court in directing the stenographer to read over her shorthand notes of the declarations of the deceased as testified to by the witnesses tIie presence of the jury, for the purpose of enabling the court to determine whether portions thereof should be stricken out. It is certain the trial judge in the course of the trial may have his recollection of the testimony refreshed by calling upon the shorthand reporter to read it, and no authority is cited in support of the claim that this constitutes error, in the absence of any showing that the court went beyond a reasonable discretion in the matter.

No error is made to appear, and the conviction is affirmed.