White v. International Textbook Co.

Ladd, J.

The facts are recited in the opinion rendered on the former appeal 144 Iowa, 92 . The rulings therein, as the evidence at the last trial did not differ materially from that adduced at the first, must be regarded as the law of the case. Several new points were raised on the last trial and these may be considered.

1. Malicious Prosecution: appeal: question not raised below. I. The company’s superintendent at Cedar Rapids was O. O. Crane, who caused plaintiff’s arrest. After the latter had been in jail several hours, Heneh called on Crane and proposed to furnish the money necessary, if Crane would get plaintiff out Thereupon, at Crane’s instance, he was brought to the latter’s office and the $89.40 collected for the company, less commissions and compensation for services owing plaintiff, together with $10.40 court costs was paid Crane and plaintiff was released from custody and the prosecution subsequently dismissed. The plaintiff paid the amount required, save $26, which was furnished by Ilench. There was still due him from the company a refund of money deposited as security of a display outfit and on bond premium. Payment was made with the understanding that plaintiff was to be released from custody and the criminal prosecution dismissed, and it is contended by the company that, owing to this arrangement, the prosecution was not so terminated *29 as to entitle plaintiff to maintain this action. Authorities are cited, said to hold that when the discontinuance or dismissal of criminal proceedings has been brought about by the procurement of the party prosecuted, or by another with his consent, without defense, the termination is not such as is exacted before an action for malicious prosecution can be maintained. Craig v. Ginn, 3 Pennewill (Del.) 117 ( 48 Atl. 192 , 53 L. R. A. 715, 94 Am. St. Rep. 77 ); Welch v. Cheek, 125 N. C. 353 ( 34 S. E. 531 ) ; Langford v. Railway, 144 Mass. 431 ( 11 N. E. 697 ) ; McCormick v. Sisson, 7 Cow. (N. Y.) 715; Brown v. Randall, 36 Conn. 56 ( 4 Am. Rep. 35 ) ; Emery v. Ginnau, 24 Ill. App. 65 . But defendants admitted in their answer that the prosecution was dismissed. They moved that a verdict be directed in their favor, but not on this ground. Numerous instructions were requested but none touching this point, nor was it .touched in the motion for new trial. Evidently the question was not presented or ruled by the trial court, and for this reason can not be raised in this court for the first time. Eor -this reason we do not pass on the question.

2 Agency: evidence of authority: harmless error. II. The plaintiff had been employed by the company for eighteen months prior to the time Crane was authorized by it to prosecute him for embezzlement, and the eomPaüy contends that testimony concerning anything said by its division superintendent, Griswold, by whom he was discharged or its superintendent, Crane, to whom he was required by his contract to pay all, moneys collected by the company, prior to such authorization, was not admissible for that the agent’s authority had not been shown. The answer admit-, ted that these were agents of the company and as Griswold was acting within previously conferred authority in discharging him, and Crane, in his efforts to induce him to return the money collected; and the evidence of what was said bore directly on the issue as to whether plaintiff had *30 appropriated, the money to his own nse or, without intention so to do, was insisting upon the company allowing or paying to him what it had become obligated to repay upon his discharge as promptly as it was claiming payment from him. If the authority of these agents as admitted by the answer was not broad enough prior to the introduction of this evidence, the defendants subsequently supplied the omission and the error if any, having been cured, was without prejudice.

3 malicious prosecution: damages: evidence. IV. The day after plaintiff’s discharge, he retained an attorney, who telephoned to the justice by whom the warrant was issued and was told that dismissal of the proceedings had not been entered in his doc-het. He then wrote to his brother requesting †0 appear the next morning, and then “took the matter up in the office.” This was all the evidence of services rendered. Whether the brother was an attorney and appeared, or whether any services were rendered which contributed to procuring the entry of a dismissal, does not appear. Moreover, the entry was made a few days later. This was within a reasonable time after the agreement to do so, and there appears to have been no occasion for the rendition of services in having this done. Nor these reasons, the jury should not have been told to take into account, in fixing the amount of damages, the services alleged to have been rendered in procuring the dismissal of the proceedings.

4 Agency: authority to prosecute for embezzlement. V. The verdict was in favor of Crane and against the company and the latter insists that, as it acted solely through Crane as its superintendent, if he was without malice or had probable cause, the company necessarily was in the same situation. The ¿nformation was signed by Griswold. The only authority for doing so from the company was through Crane, who directed him to sign it, for he was without authority in the matter of collections, and therefore pos *31 sessed of no implied authority to prosecute in behalf of his principal. See Markley v. Snow, 207 Pa. 447 ( 56 Atl. 999 , 64 L. R. A. 685) ; 10 Cyc. 1216.

5. Malicious prosecution: agency joint torts. The company participated in no manner, save through Crane, for all it did was to telegraph by the manager of its bond department, in response to Crane’s inquiry, “Shall ' ^ arres^ him?” to lay the matter before its attorney ITolt, and be guided by his advice, jn pUrsliaiiee 0f this instruction, he consulted ITolt and, having received his opinion, based oh the information received, caused plaintiff’s arrest. The International Textbook Company is a corporation and as such could act only through agents, and as Crane was its sole agent, in this matter, it is not perceived on what theory it could have been found that the company was actuated by malice and was without probable cause, and yet that the agent either had probable cause or was without malice. The jury must have concluded that neither had probable cause. Their findings as to Crane necessarily rested on the fácts bearing on the guilt or innocence of plaintiff which he knew and, in the exercise of ordinary diligence, should have known, and the company was chargeable with . knowledge of no others. The record, as to each, was precisely the same and it was not possible fairly to reach different conclusions as to whether there was probable cause. Nor could the company have been found' to have been actuated by malice, unless Crane also was actuated by the same bad motive. It is only by imputing the malice of the agent to the principal that a corporation may be held amenable to a suit for malicious prosecution. 1 Cook on Corp., section 15b. If, then, Crane was not malicious in what he did, there was no malice to impute to the company. On the other hand, if the company is chargeable with malice, Crane must have entertained an evil motive in doing what he did. Manifestly, the verdict in finding for one defendant and against the other was fundamentally *32 .contradictory and was necessarily erroneous as to one or the other. No one can tell which. If the verdict in favor of Crane • was conclusive as to the company, as is contended, then that against the company -was conclusive as’ against Crane. The verdict, in view of the facts, is so anomalous and uncertain that a new trial should have been ordered.

6. Verdict: Pprejudice: presumption. YI. The appeal of the plaintiff is on the ground, among others, that the instruction permitting the verdict returned was erroneous. After directing the jury what items to consider in determining what amount of damages should be allowed and to insert . . . such amount in a iorm at the end ox the instructions this was added: “If you find from the evidence that both of the defendants took part in procuring the plaintiff to be complained against and a warrant to issue and him to be arrested, then you should sign the first form _ of verdict;' but if you find but one of them so procured it to be done and the other did not, you will then sign the second form, filling in the blanks as there provided, and if you find in favor of both of the defendants, you will then sign the third form of verdict.” Whether the verdict is attributable to this instruction or was due to the prejudice of the jury, the record fails to disclose. That, in view of the facts, it was erroneous appears from what has been said, and, in the absence of anything rebutting the inference, prejudice must be presumed.

It follows that the judgment on each ajipeal must be and is reversed.

Weaver, J. — I concur in this result.