State v. Anderson

McClain, C. J.

The statute provides a punishment for breaking and entering “any office, shop, store, warehouse, railroad ear, boat or vessel, or any building in which any goods, merchandise, or valuable things are kept for use, sale or deposit.” Code section 4791. The evidence showed that defendant broke' and entered a frame structure which had at one time been the box or body of a freight car, but at the time was without wheels or trucks under it, resting on some timbers lying on the ground within the railroad right of way. At this time it was occupied by section hands as a lodging place. Defendant admitted crawling into the car through a window, in company with two other persons, and taking therefrom certain articles of personal property which did not belong to him.

1. Criminal law: deciaadSftmty I. A witness was allowed to testify, over defendant’s objection, that he met defendant and another person coming away from the car having with them some personal property such as a suit case, a shotgun, some razors, , and some money, and that they admitted getting the property from the car. It is contended that the declarations of the person accompanying defendant at this time were not admissible against him, for it did not appear that they were confederates at the time the statements were' made, so that the *703 declarations of the other person conld be shown as against the' defendant. But, in the first place, it clearly appears that these two persons had been together in the car, and were coming away from it together, having in their possession articles which they had taken from the car; and this was sufficient to indicate such confederation as to fender admissible against the defendant the declaration of his confederate made in his presence. And in the second place the defendant in his testimony admitted everything which the declarations of his confederate tended to establish, so that, if the evidence was erroneously admitted, the error was wholly without prejudice.

2. Same:lary^" indictense of ofense. II. The real contention for defendant is that the evidence did not tend to show the breaking and entering of a railway car within the statutory description of the offense for which the defendant was indicted; the argument being that the body or box of a freight car resting on timbers on timbers on the ground is not a railway car within statutory designation. Some members of the court are of opinion that the indictment and evidence are sufficient to sustain a conviction under the statute for breaking and entering a railroad car. Other members of the court think that, although the evidence did not tend to show the breaking and entering of a railroad car within the statutory provision, nevertheless the erroneous description of the structure broken and entered as a railroad ear could not have been prejudicial to the defendant, and, as the indictment might have been amended during the trial so as to bring the crime committed within the statute by a different description of the. structure, appellant has no ground for complaint. It must be conceded that defendant’s own testimony as a witness showed that he did break, enter, and commit the crime of larceny in a structure - which might have been so described in the indictment as to bring it within the provisions of Code section 4791. As it plainly appears without con *704 flict in the evidence that the defendant committed an act constituting a crime under the section of the Code for the violation of which he was indicted, it would be unnecessary and futile to reverse the case and remand it for a new trial. The defendant himself as a witness referred to the structure which he broke and entered as the top of a box car. The remanding’ of the case with an opportunity to the prosecution to so amend the indictment as to describe the structure as a building, which it unquestionably was, instead of a railroad car, would result in no advantage to the defendant.

3. Same: instructions: assumption of fact. III. The court instructed the jury that the car which the defendant was charged with breaking and entering was within the meaning of the law a railroad car, and that the jury should so find the fact-to be. This instruction is complained of because constituting a finding for the jury by the court on a material question of fact. But we have often held it is not error even in a criminal case to assume or treat as true a particular evidential fact which both parties admit to be true, and as to which there is no controversy whatever. State v. McKnight, 119 Iowa, 79 ; State v. Mitchell, 130 Iowa, 697 ; State v. Evans, 122 Iowa, 174 ; State v. Cunningham, 111 Iowa, 233 ; State v. Archer, 73 Iowa, 320 . Oases relied on for appellant are not in point. It is of course, true that the court can not assume a fact as established simply because there is no evidence for the defendant to controvert the evidence relied upon for the prosecution to establish such fact. State v. Bige, 112 Iowa, 433 ; State v. Carter, 112 Iowa, 15 ; State v. Lightfoot, 107 Iowa, 344 . But it was competent for the court to tell the jury that a structure such as was described by the defendant himself in his testimony came within the statutory description of the offense with which he was charged. Such instruction involved no question of fact, but only the application to *705 tbe undisputed facts of the statutory language. There could have been no possible prejudice in the instruction.

Finding no error in the record of which defendant can complain, the judgment is affirmed.