Putnam v. Summerlin
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Opinion of the Court
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SIMPSON, J.
The original bill in this case was filed by the appellee against the appellants to enforce a vendor’s lien on certain lands. A demurrer was interposed to the hill on the ground that the bill showed, on its face, that the consideration of the notes was both land and personal property, and that no vendor’s lien could he enforced against the land.
Without insisting on a decree on said demurrer, th,e complainant amended the bill, claiming an equitable *394 mortgage on all of the property conveyed, both real and personal, based upon the expression in the deed, conveying the property, after describing the notes given for the same, to wit: “Each of said notes to be protected by a vendor’s lien as a part of the purchase price for the property hereinafter conveyed.” It .is contended by the appellants that the expression in the deed cannot operate as an equitable mortgage on the property, because the deed was not signed by the defendants, and there is no proof that there was an independent verbal agreement to .give a mortgage, also because section 4288 of the Code of 1907 provides that “a mortgage of personal property is not valid unless made in writing, and subscribed by the mortgagor.”
Referring first to the statute, it simply declares the law, with regard to personal property, which has always been the law’ in relation to real estate, yet courts of equity have always enforced equitable mortgages on lands, without any writing, subscribed by the mortgagor. We hold, then, that the statute does not affect the equitable doctrine of equitable mortgages, as to personal property.
This is not a case wherein it is sought tó show that the appellants had made a verbal mortgage on their lands and personal property, but a case in which the only title which they have to the lands is coupled with a condition that the lands and personal property are burdened with a lien for the purchase money, until the same is paid. The respondents could not accept the title and repudiate the conditions on which it is conveyed. The authorities are clear that the reservation in the conveyance of a lien creates an equitable mortgage. —29 Am. & Eng. Ency. Law, 779, 780, et seq., and notes; Hall et al. v. Mobile & M. Ry. Co., 58 Ala. 10, 22 , et seq.
*395 While it is true that, in the case just cited, the purchaser also gave a power of attorney authorizing the sale of the land, yet the decision is based on the equitable lien retained in the deed, and is amply sustained by citations from Jones on Mortgages and other authorities.
The doctrine of an equitable lien created by a reservation in the conveyance is clearly recognized in our case of Kyle v. Bellenger, 79 Ala. 516, 520, 521 .
The law does not require that any particular form of words be used; it being sufficient if the deed shows a clear intention to reserve a lien.
The case of Williams v. Davis, 154 Ala. 422, 425 , 45 South. 908, 909 , is not in conflict with what has been said in the present case. In that case it was simply an effort to enforce a parol agreement to execute a mortgage, which never could have been done as to realty, and, since the adoption of the statute, cannot be done as to personal property. The court, in that case, specially alludes to the fact that, since the statute, a verbal agreement as to personal property stands upon the same footing as a verbal agreement as to realty.
The principle upon which, in cases like this, an equitable mortgage has been declared on lands, is not that there was a verbal contract for such mortgage, but because the vendee received his title to the land coupled with the provision for the lien, and it would be inequitable to allow him to hold under the conveyance and repudiate its conditions. The same principle applies to personal property, and the statute does not abrogate it.
There was no error in the overruling of the demurrer io the amended bill.
The decree of the court is affirmed.
Affirmed.
Dowdell, C. J., and Mayfield and Sayre, JJ., concur. McClellan, J., dissents.
On Rehearing
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*396 ON REHEARING.
SIMPSON, J.
In tlie original opinion in this case we called attention to the fact that, in the case of Hall v. Mobile & M. R R., 58 Ala. 10, 22 , the purchaser gave a power of attorney; but, as stated then, the decision of the case is based on the reservation in the deed, and not on the power of attorney, and the court decided distinctly that it was not a vendor’s lien, but an equitable mortgage, and governed by the same rules as a mortgage.
In the case of Kyle v. Bellenger, 79 Ala. 516, 520, 521 , the court distinctly held that the party did not have a vendor’s lien, and that when the bill alleged a vendor’s lien, and the proof showed the contract lien, there was a variance. It ivas held that an express reservation in the deed of conveyance created an equitable mortgage, regardless of the form of words, “if there appears an intention to create a security.”
These and other decisions recognize the principle of an equitable mortgage, created by a reservation in the deed, notwithstanding the provisions of the statute of frauds that every agreement for the sale of lands or any interest therein is void “unless such agreement, or some note or memorandum thereof, expressing the consideration, is in writing and subscribed by the party to be charged' therewith.” — Code 1907, § 4289, subd. 5.
The case of Barnhill v. Howard, 104 Ala. 412 , 16 South. 1 , does not raise the question of an equitable mortgage at all, but involved an action of detinue, in which the legal title alone could be considered. Besides, there was no conveyance distinctly reserving the lien, but only a verbal understanding “that the oxen Avere to stand good for themselves until they were paid for."
*397 In the case of Loyd v. Guthrie, 131 Ala. 65, 71 , 31 South 506 , 507, 508, there ivas no conveyance reserving a lien at all; but the suit, was on a note in which the defendant was to pay so much for material and labor furnished to build a store, and at the end of the note it stated: “A mechanic’s lien is held on said building to secure the payment of this note.” The only point decided by the court is that that was a mere statement of the fact that a mechanic’s lien at that time was on the property, and not “the giving or creation, or attempted giving or creation, of any lien whatever.”
It is said: “Perhaps the nearest approach to a general rule as to what language will be sufficient to create a lien would be to draw a line of demarcation between such language as simply asserts that the lien exists and language which shows the resolution, the effort, the undertaking of the parties to create the lien; in the former case the lien will not arise, but in the latter equity will assist the intention of the parties.” — 29 Ency. Law (2d Ed.) 786.
This lien, reserved in the instrument conveying the title, is entirely distinct from the implied vendor’s lien, and, as said, “in the very instrument conveying the title to the vendee, restricts that title to subjection to the lien reserved therein.” — 29 Ency. Luav (2d Ed.) 780. It is an equitable mortgage, — -2 Warwelle on Vendors (2d Ed.) § 718.
The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania does not recognize the doctrine of implied vendor’s lien, but does recognize a lien reserved in the deed .—Heist v. Baker, 49 Pa. 9, 13 .
The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia holds that “a lien secured by contract on the face of the deed stands upon much higher ground than the implied lien.” and that “such a lien constituted a specific charge upon *398 the land as valid and effectual as a deed of trust or mortgage.” —Coles v. Withers, 33 Grat. 186, 194.
In North Carolina, where no vendor’s lien is recognized, and where a married woman cannot charge her estate except by contract after privy examination, etc., the Supreme Court says: “While these limitations have been placed upon the power of a feme covert to bind herself personally or to charge her separate estate, it is not to be understood that she enjoys, an immunity from these general principles of equity which sternly forbid one from repudiating a transaction and at the same time retain and enjoy its benefits.” —Draper v. Allen, 114 N. C. 50 , 19 S. E. 61, 62 .
The expression “vendor’s lien” does not necessarily refer to real estate.—Black’s. Law Dict. p. 1213.
The case of Peay, Adm’r, v. Field, 30 Ark. 600 , is not a.t all analogous to this case. In the Pea/y Case the suit was on a note given for money advanced to pay taxes, and merely stated, at the close of the note, “The tax lien given by law on my property, for which this money is advanced to pay taxes, I hereby recognize,” when, as a. matter of fact, the law did not give such a lien.”
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