Moote v. Scriven

Campbell, J:

Moote filed his bill to redeem from Seri ven two parcels of land in Clinton county, one being the northeast quarter of section eighteen, and the other the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of section seven, in town seven north, of range two west. The bill claims that Scriven’s interest is only a mortgage interest, aud offers to repay the amount due.

Tiie equities concerning the two lots are not identical, although asserted as arising under a single train of dealings. The court below" held that a right of redemption existed in the parcel of forty acres on section seven, but not on the rest. It will be proper to deal with this first.

On the 6th day of May, 1871, the redemption of this lot was running out on a statutory foreclosure of a mortgage controlled by Josiah Upton. Upton had made a partial arrangement to transfer his title to Samuel S. "Walker and *502 one Cutler, but on the application of Moote, and for his advantage, he agreed to transfer it to Scriven, who was to give Moote time upon it. Scriven paid one thousand two hundred and ninety-eight dollars and ninety-four cents to Upton, besides some expenses, and received conveyances which gave him title in fee simple. He agreed to wait on Moote, as he says, one year, and as Moote claims, indefinitely, in consideration of twelve and a half per cent, to cover interest and expenses. Scriven claims the transaction was an agreement for a resale.

There is some difficulty in supposing that Scriven or Moote understood this to be a mortgage, in the proper sense of the term. No obligation rested on Moote to repay Scriven’s advances, and he retained possession of the premises and used all that he got from them for his own advantage, without ever accounting for either principal or interest. No payment was ever made to Scriven in reduction of the debt. And it does not appear in any part of the case that the parties, after the first purchase by Scriven, made or recognized any definite bargain, except that Scriven was desirous of having a written contract, and Moote was not disposed to make one. There can be no doubt from the whole case that Moote was to have the property back at some time and on some terms, and the answer admits a bargain to sell on one year’s time. As no further incumbrances were bought up to protect this tract, and the statement in the answer does away with any difficulty under the statute of frauds, we think that time was not so far of the essence of the contract as to prevent its present enforcement upon equitable terms. The court below, in its decree, allowed Scriven only seven per cent, simple interest, and allowed nothing for his expenses., This was not equitable. Wo think the twelve and a half per cent, was not too large an allowance for the interest and original expenses and trouble about the business, as the extra two and a half per cent, did not nfuch exceed thirty dollars, and that' ten per cent, interest should be allowed annually thereafter. On these *503 terms we think he should be allowed to obtain back th.e premises. The whole case is so involved in contradictions that it is not easy to tell just what was agreed upon, and probably there was no very definite understanding. But there is no doubt at all that Scriven never would have advanced his money on less favorable terms, and without that. advance Moote would have lost his land entirely. An agreement to sell is more in accordance with all the facts than a mortgage, and it would be grossly inequitable to allow a redemption on any conditions lesá favorable to Scriven, who has not been dealt with very fairly, and has received no advantage fram the transaction, which was not of his own seeking.

The other property is very differently situated. In April, 1871, Scriven held a claim against Moote secured by a chattel mortgage on growing Avheitt upon both these tracts. Moote had made this mortgage in February, 1871, on the assurance that he had a good title to the land. As a matter of fact his title to the one hundred and sixty acres on section eighteen had been sold on execution and the redemption had expired, so that Moote had no further interest in the land. The execution title was held by one Gibbs, who also had a subsequent mortgage on the premises. The time for redemption by judgment creditors had not yet passed, and Moote confessed judgment in favor of Scriven, Avho then redeemed from Gibbs, but Avas in turn cut off by a subsequent redemption by one Babcock in the interest of Gibbs. An arrangement Avas then made between Moote and Scriven, Avheroby the latter was to purchase the title and give Gibbs a mortgage for the amount due him, Moote giving his note for the debt. It Avas agreed that upon Moote’s repayment of the advances and interest, Scriven should convey his title. Upon the question of time there is a direct conflict. Scriven says the payments AA'ere to be made in two years. Moote claims the advance Avas to be repaid-without limit of time. From time to time thereafter Scriven had to advance further sums to pay off the Gibbs mortgage and other incumbrances *504 and claims, until his advances had reached a large sum, and Moote, though holding the land and getting the proeeedsj had done nothing to reduce the debt, and had not paid interest.

Under these circumstances, in April, 1874, the lot on section eighteen was sold on some earlier mortgages on chancery sales, and bid off by Scriven. Moote claims that this purchase whs also made under an arrangement for liis benefit, and that the whole interest of Scriven is that of a mortgagee.

■ Upon what took place before the chanceiy sales there is a downright contradiction between the parties, which is not much cleared up by the other witnesses. ' Moote makes it out a continuance, though by special arrangement, of the old arrangement whereby Scriven was to advance money and hold security on the lands. Scriven denies it entirely.

The original arrangement bears no resemblance to a mortgage. Moote had no interest in the land whatever. The dealings amounted only to a verbal agreement with Scriven to advance money to purchase lands and to remove incumbrances on them, which he was ultimately to transfer to Moote on repayment. There was nothing which could have been enforced by specific performance, as Moote was all the time in possession, and there was no act of his to his own prejudice Avhich Avould amount to a part performance. He had never been able to perform, and by reason of his neglect Scriven had been compelled to make advances beyond any agreement for his oavii protection. The whole circumstances render it very improbable that he would go on any further in this way. He Avas obliged to buy in the property at the chancery sales to save Avhat he had already paid out, and even if ho had been a mortgagee, it is not easy to see why he could not buy up such a title if he chose and hold it like any other purchaser, inasmuch as it was a legal sale of the mortgagor’-s equity, which any one could buy unless estopped.

Without; discussing the conflicting proofs, there is not *505 only no evidence of a bargain conforming to the statute of frauds, whereby Moote was to have any interest, but there is not, as we think, convincing proof of any bargain at all. We think that whatever may have been the state of things before, the chancery sale cut off all previous equities, but we do not think that the previous transactions indicate any very strong equities. The dealings throughout show Moote to have been slack and entirely disregardful of his obligations; and Seriven does not appear to have acted unfairly or oppressively in any instance. It is not surprising that his patience had become exhausted. He was under no obligation to consider his own rights subordinate to the convenience of Moote.

The decree below, refusing redress to Moote concerning any supposed rights in section eighteen, must be affirmed, and the decree as to the forty-acre lot on section seven modified so as to require Moote to pay interest at the rate of ten per cent, from May 6th, 1871, on the amount of one thousand two hundred and ninety-eight dollars and eighty-four cents, and also two and a half per cent., or thirty-two dollars and forty-six cents, with interest at the same rate of ten per cent., Seriven to recover costs of both courts.

The other Justices concurred.