In re Webers

1. HABEAS CORPUS: Courts: Jurisdiction of Courts of Appeal: Constitutional Questions: Transfer of Causes. Courts of Appeal are •without authority to transfer to the Supreme Court, writs of habeas corpus sued out under the Habeas Corpus Act upon petition to either the Courts of Appeal or to any one of the judges thereof, even though it be found that a constitutional question is involved. 2- -: -• -: -. In such cáse the Court of Appeals being without jurisdiction when a constitutional question is involved, the writ issued will be quashed and the petitioner remanded.

HABEAS CORPUS. ORIGINAL PROCEEDING. (1) That portion of section' 3459 is issue here is ■unconstitutional, null and void in this:' (a) It is violative of article 4, section 53, clause 26, of the Constitution of Missouri, 1875, in this: that it is a special law, and attempts to grant to private corporation, and its members a special and exclusive right and privilege, which is denied to other persons in the same class, (b) It is violative of article 4, section 46, of the Constitution of Missouri, 1875, in that it attempts to grant public money to a private corporation and the individual members thereof, (c) It is violative of article 4, section 47, in that it attempts to authorize various cities and to grant public money in aid of private corporations, and the individual members thereof, (d) It is violative of article 10, section 3, of the Constitution of Missouri, 1875, in that it permits the levying of taxes for private purposes. State ex rel. v. Kimmel, 256 Mo. 611; State ex rel. Heaven v. Ziegenhein, 144 Mo. 283; State ex rel. v. Switzler, 143 Mo. 287; State ex rel. v. St. Louis, 216 Mo. 47. (2) That portion of section 3459, Revised Statute 1909, as amended by the laws of 1913, page 192, is violative of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States in that it deprives each person arrested by the Police Department of the city of St. Louis, of property fifty cents in cash) without due process of law. Every person arrested must, under this law, pay the fifty cents bond fee, in order to be released on bond, regardless of whether such person is innocent or guilty of the charge placed against him. (3) That portion of section 3459, Revised Statutes 1909, in issue here is violative of article 4, section 53, clause 26, of the Constitution of the State of Missouri, in that it grants a special and exclusive right, privilege and immunity to such police officers and police officials as are members of the St. Louis Police Relief Association, and denies the same to such police officers and police officials as are not members thereof. State ex rel. v. Tolle, 77 Mo. 645; State ex rel. v. Miller, 100 Mo. 439; State ex rel. v. Loomis, 115 Mo. 307. (4) What becomes of the fifty cents fee . after it is collected by the police officer is a very essential subject of inquiry in determining the constitutionality of the law. If the ultimate destination of the money collected is unlawful, then such law thereby becomes invalid, null and void. State ex rel. Heaven v. Ziegenhein, 144 Mo. 283; State ex rel. v. Switzler, 143 Mo. 287; State ex rel. v. St. Louis, 216 Mo. 47. (1) The provision of section 3459, Revised Statutes 1909, as amended by the Laws of 1913, page 192, make it mandatory upon the police officer to collect the fifty cents bond fee. (2) What becomes of the fifty "cent fee after it is collected by the police officer is no concern of this petitioner, but is a matter altogether between the city and the Police Relief Association. (3) The portion of section 3459 as amended providing for the taking and collection of the bond fee has never been declared unconstitutional, and is a valid and integral part of our law. (4) The fact that a part of the statute is unconstitutional does not affect the validity of the remainder. Oreen County v. Lydy, 263 Mo. 77, p. 95; State ex rel. Bixby v. City of St. Louis, 241 Mo. 231; State ex rel. v. Gordon, 236 Mo. 142; State ex rel. v. Taylor, 224 Mo. 393. (5) The case of State ex rel. v. Kimmel, 256 Mo. 611, did not undertake to pass upon the validity of the part of section 3459 now in question, and the language of the opinion expressly indicated the part that was declared unconstitutional, none of which part is now in question. (6) The constitutionality and validity of the statute is assumed, and the courts will not adjudge invalid an act of the Legislature unless its violation of the Constitution is clear, complete and unmistakable. (7) The petitioner has no more concern, with the disposition of the bond fee than with the disposition of any fine that might be imposed on him, and has no more right to question the power to hold him for the failure to pay one than the other.