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Armstrong v. United States

Armstrong v. United States, 80 U.S. (13 Wall.) 154 (1872)
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Court
Supreme Court of the United States
Decided
March 25, 1872
Citations
80 U.S. 15420 L. Ed. 61413 Wall. 1541871 U.S. LEXIS 1321
Cited by 33 6 descriptions by later courts
Syllabus
1. The President’s proclamation of the 25th December, 1858, granting ”unconditionally and without reservation to all and every person who directly or indirectly participated in the late insurrection or rebellion, a full pardon and amnesty for the offence of treason against the United States, Ac., with restoration of nil rights, privileges, and immunities under the Constitution, and the laws which have been made in pursuance thereof,” granted pardon unconditionally and without reserve; and enables persons otherwise entitled to recover from the United States, the proceeds of captured ar.d abandoned property, under the Abandoned and Captured Property Act, to recover it though no proof be made, as was required by that act, that the claimant never gave any aid or comfort to the rebellion. 2. The proclamation referred to, is a public act, of which all courts of the United States are bound to take notice, and to which all courts are bound to give effect.
Summary
Appeal from the Court of Claims. Mrs. Armstrong filed a claim in the court below for the proceeds of certain cotton under the “ Abandoned and Captured Property Act,” the provisions of which are quoted in the preceding case, page 151. The Court of Claims found that the cotton was raised by the claimant; that in the latter part of 1863, or early in 1864, there were on her plantation one hundred and twenty bales of cotton, which were taken possession of by the United States military forces and removed to Little Rock, Arkansas; that, prior to July, 1864, one hundred and two bales of this cotton were in the hands of the treasury agents, and were taken and used by the military forces in the works of defence around the city of Little Rock; that sixty bales, when taken out of the defences, were identified as belonging to the claimant; and with other cotton identified as belonging to other parties, and one hundred and seventeen sacks of loose cotton which came out of the fortifications and not identified, were shipped to the treasury agent at Cincinnati, sold, and the proceeds paid into the treasury. The claimant was proved to have given no active aid to the rebellion, except that on the approach of the Union army she fled south with thirty or forty of her slaves to avoid emancipation. This was in September, 1863. Judgment was rendered against her on the 4th of April, 1870, and an appeal taken to this court. the argument being directed chiefly to the point of Mrs. Armstrong’s loyalty, and as to how far her going south with her slaves to avoid the emancipation of them, was proof of want of it.

Syllabus and headnotes are prepared by the reporter or publisher, not the court, and are not part of the opinion.

Opinion

The CHIEF JUSTICE delivered the opinion of the court.

The “Abandoned aud Captured Property Act” provides for the restoration of the proceeds of property on proof that the claimant has never given any aid or comfort to the present rebellion. The Court of Claims seem to have thought that going south with her slaves was evidence that she did give aid or comfort to the rebellion. On this point it is not now necessary that we express an opinion; for the President of the United States, on the 25th of December, 1868, issued a proclamation, reciting that “ a universal amnesty and pardon for participation in said rebellion, extended to all who have borne any part therein, will tend to secure permanent peace, order, and prosperity throughout the land,, and to renew and fully restore confidence and fraternal feeling among the whole people, and their respect for, and attachment to, the National government, designed by its patriotic founders for the general good;” and granting, “unconditionally, and without reservation, to all and every person who directly or indirectly participated in the late insurrection or rebellion, a full pardon and amnesty'for the offence of treason against the United States, or of adhering to. their enemies during the late civil war, with restoration of all rights, privileges, and immunities under the Constitution, and the laws which have been made in pursuance thereof.”

* We have recently held, in the case of the United States v. Klein, † that pardon granted upon conditions, blots out the offence, if proof is made of compliance with the conditions;

*156 and that the person so pardoned is entitled to the restoration of the proceeds of captured and abandoned property, if suit be brought within “ two years after the suppression of the rebellion.” The proclamation of the 25th of December granted pardon unconditionally and without reservation. This was a public act of which all courts of the United States are bound to take notice, and to which all courts are bound to give effect. The claim of the petitioner was preferred within two years.. The Court of Claims, therefore, erred in not giving the petitioner the benefit of the proclamation.

Its judgment must be reversed, with directions to proceed In conformity with this opinion.

* 15 Stat. at Large, 711.

† Supra, p. 142.

How later courts describe this case

Explanatory parentheticals written by citing courts — 6 in all; the most informative distinct ones are shown.

  • (implicitly recognizing validity of President Andrew Johnson's December 25, 1868 general pardon)
    Howell v. McAuliffe, 788 S.E.2d 706 (Va. 2016)
  • (a pardon, "granted upon conditions, blots out the offence if proof is made of compliance with the conditions; and ... the person so pardoned is entitled to the restoration of the proceeds of captured and abandoned property" if suit is timely filed)
    In re Abrams, 689 A.2d 6 (D.C. 1997)

Cited by 33 cases

View all citing references →
1876–1877: 11884–1885: 21886–1887: 11890–1891: 11894–1895: 21896–1897: 11898–1899: 11900–1901: 11904–1905: 11906–1907: 11912–1913: 21914–1915: 31916–1917: 11918–1919: 31920–1921: 41928–1929: 11946–1947: 11950–1951: 11974–1975: 11994–1995: 11996–1997: 12016–2017: 218762026peak 1920 · 4

Relies on it most ⓘ

  1. Howell v. McAuliffe788 S.E.2d 706 (Va. 2016) · Dissent
  2. United States v. Richards91 F. Supp. 323 (D.D.C. 1950)
  3. James Rolf Bjerkan v. United States529 F.2d 125 (7th Cir. 1975)
  4. In re Abrams689 A.2d 6 (D.C. 1997)
  5. Sprinkle v. United States141 F. 811 (4th Cir. 1905)
  6. Bradley v. American Radiator & Standard Sanitary Corp.6 F.R.D. 37 (S.D.N.Y. 1946)

Most recent

  1. Howell v. McAuliffe788 S.E.2d 706 (Va. 2016) · Dissent
  2. Howell v. McAuliffeNo. 160784 (Va. July 22, 2016)
  3. In re Abrams689 A.2d 6 (D.C. 1997)
  4. In re Abrams662 A.2d 867 (D.C. 1995)
  5. James Rolf Bjerkan v. United States529 F.2d 125 (7th Cir. 1975)
  6. United States v. Richards91 F. Supp. 323 (D.D.C. 1950)

Citing references are not a citator: they show that a later opinion cites this case, not whether it followed, distinguished, or overruled it. Check negative history before relying on this case.

Authorities cited 0

No citations to other opinions in this database were found.

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